研究目的
To develop a near-infrared turn-on photoacoustic probe for sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+ in living subjects for environment monitoring and disease diagnosis.
研究成果
The LET-2 probe demonstrates high sensitivity and selectivity for Cu2+ detection with a low detection limit, enabling effective in vivo monitoring in plant and animal subjects. It offers a noninvasive alternative to traditional methods, with potential applications in environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis. Future work could explore broader biological systems and clinical translations.
研究不足
The probe's performance may be affected by pH variations (optimal range pH 3-8), and potential interference from ions like Hg2+ and Zn2+ was noted but shown to be minimal. In vivo applications are limited to the specific models used (soybean sprouts and mice), and further studies are needed for broader applicability.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved designing and synthesizing the LET-2 probe, which includes a heptamethine cyanine IR823 analogue and a dipicolylethylenediamine (DPEN) moiety. The probe's interaction with Cu2+ was characterized using UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) to detect absorbance shifts and PA signal changes.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples included aqueous solutions with varying Cu2+ concentrations, MCF10a cells, soybean sprouts, and living mice. Data were acquired through spectroscopic measurements and PAI.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer, electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS), and photoacoustic imaging system. Materials included LET-2 probe, Cu2+ ions, other metal ions for selectivity tests, EDTA, DMSO, and biological samples.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The probe was synthesized and its stability tested. Optical responses to Cu2+ were measured in solutions, cells, and in vivo models. PAI was performed to monitor PA signal changes at 715 nm. Reversibility was tested using EDTA. Cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity were assessed.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using linear correlations for concentration dependencies, statistical comparisons of PA signals, and imaging analysis for semiquantitative assessment.
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