研究目的
To characterize the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by means of field radiometry-spectrum, in healthy plants and plants affected by bud rot, and to detect the bud rot pathology through reflectance spectroscopy in field conditions.
研究成果
The study confirms that spectral patterns are well-defined and related to both treatment types and bud rot severity. Healthy plants with fertilization+irrigation treatment showed the highest reflectance curves (around 0.7%). Bud rot had a greater influence on reflectance than treatment type, demonstrating the feasibility of detecting bud rot using reflectance spectroscopy in field conditions. Methodological standards for spectral measurements are recommended, including nadir and azimuthal angles and temporal sampling throughout the day.
研究不足
Technical limitations include noise in field measurements due to atmospheric water absorption peaks, short battery life of the sensor (four AA alkaline batteries), and dependence on atmospheric conditions (cloud cover, rain, solar angle). Environmental factors such as high humidity in tropical regions and the need for specific sampling times and angles also constrain the measurements.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used field radiometry-spectrometry with a hyperspectral sensor to measure reflectance spectra of oil palm leaves under different phytosanitary conditions and treatments. Reflectance was calculated using a reference panel to estimate incident energy.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
29 oil palm plants were selected from experimental farms in Parrita, Costa Rica, with samples taken from foliolos (leaflets) of leaves 1 to 4 from the canopy. Plants were categorized by treatment (control, control+rastra, fertilization, fertilization+irrigation) and bud rot severity levels (1: mild, 2: medium, 3: high).
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Hyperspectral land sensor (FieldSpec HandHeld 2 by ASD Inc.), reference panel (spectralon), leaf clip probe, black plastic sheet, and software (ASD ViewSpecPro).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Measurements were taken between 8:00 AM and 12:00 PM on clear days. Foliolos were cut and placed on a black surface to avoid background reflectance. The sensor was calibrated with the reference panel before each measurement. Reflectance spectra were obtained at a distance of 15-20 cm from the foliolos.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Reflectance data were processed using ASD ViewSpecPro software. Spectral curves were smoothed using B-splines for analysis. Comparisons were made between different treatments and health conditions.
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