研究目的
Investigating the simultaneous photocatalytic reduction of toxic divalent nickel ions and degradation of naphthalene in aqueous solutions using titania photocatalyst in a photo-sono reactor to explore synergism and efficiency under mild conditions.
研究成果
The simultaneous photocatalytic reduction of Ni(II) and degradation of naphthalene using TiO2 in a photo-sono reactor shows significant synergism, with enhanced removal efficiencies under mild conditions (pH 7.5, 35°C). Nickel sulfate performs slightly better than nitrate. The process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, has relatively low energy consumption compared to individual treatments, and forms Ni/TiO2 nanocomposites. This method is efficient and promising for treating industrial wastewaters containing mixed pollutants, with potential for further development and application.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific initial concentrations (5 mg/L Ni(II), 10 mg/L NA) and mild conditions (pH 7.5-9.5, temperature up to 35°C). The use of a lab-scale reactor may not directly scale to industrial applications. The presence of other ions or pollutants in real wastewater could affect performance. The energy consumption, while evaluated, might be high for practical use, and further optimization is needed for cost-effectiveness.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a heterogeneous photocatalysis method with TiO2 nanoparticles in a photo-sono reactor combining UV light and ultrasound for simultaneous reduction of Ni(II) ions and degradation of naphthalene. The design aims to exploit synergism between the processes.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Aqueous solutions were prepared with initial concentrations of 5 mg/L Ni(II) (from nitrate or sulfate salts) and 10 mg/L naphthalene, using deionized water. Samples were taken at intervals for analysis.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A 1.25 L cylindrical photo-sono reactor made of glossy stainless steel, a 250 W mercury lamp (wavelength 280-400 nm, max 365 nm), an ultrasound source (28 kHz, 60 W), a thermostat bath for temperature control, a simple agitator, TiO2 P-25 nanoparticles (Evonik, anatase/rutile 80/20, BET surface area 50 ± 15 m2/g, avg. particle diameter 21 nm), chemicals from Merck including nickel salts, naphthalene, PAN, ethanol, Triton X-100, acids, bases, and salts, a UV-vis spectrophotometer (Jasco V-630, Japan), FTIR spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 65, USA), SEM (Tescan Mira 3, Czech Rep.), BET analyzer (BELSORP Mini II, Japan), and a centrifuge.
4：25 L cylindrical photo-sono reactor made of glossy stainless steel, a 250 W mercury lamp (wavelength 280-400 nm, max 365 nm), an ultrasound source (28 kHz, 60 W), a thermostat bath for temperature control, a simple agitator, TiO2 P-25 nanoparticles (Evonik, anatase/rutile 80/20, BET surface area 50 ± 15 m2/g, avg. particle diameter 21 nm), chemicals from Merck including nickel salts, naphthalene, PAN, ethanol, Triton X-100, acids, bases, and salts, a UV-vis spectrophotometer (Jasco V-630, Japan), FTIR spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 65, USA), SEM (Tescan Mira 3, Czech Rep.), BET analyzer (BELSORP Mini II, Japan), and a centrifuge.
Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Solutions (1 L) with specified concentrations were pH-adjusted, catalyst (100 mg/L TiO2) added, sonicated for 5 min, mixed in dark for 30 min for adsorption equilibrium, then irradiated with UV light while continuously mixing. Samples (2 mL) were taken at times, centrifuged to separate nanoparticles, and analyzed for Ni(II) and naphthalene concentrations. Temperature was maintained constant, and nitrogen purging was used in some experiments to study ROS role.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Removal efficiency calculated using RE = ([C]0 - [C]t)/[C]0 * 100. Kinetic analysis used pseudo-first-order model ln([C0]/[Ct]) = kt. Energy consumption calculated using EEC = 38.4P/(Vk) for first-order reactions. Statistical analysis included coefficient of determination (R2) for kinetic fits.
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