研究目的
To design and synthesize a new hydrophilic truxene derivative for selective detection of Cu(II) ions and phosphate species in aqueous media using fluorescence spectroscopy.
研究成果
TP3 is an effective fluorescent sensor for Cu(II) ions with high selectivity and a low detection limit of 0.06 ppm, forming a 1:1 complex. The TP3-Cu complex serves as a turn-on sensor for phosphate species, with a detection limit of 8.7 nM for hydrogen phosphate, due to competitive binding. The synthesis is efficient, and the sensor shows promise for environmental and biological monitoring, though further optimization for aqueous use is needed.
研究不足
The sensor requires a mixed solvent system (THF-HEPES buffer) due to limited water solubility of TP3, which may not be ideal for purely aqueous applications. The pH sensitivity affects performance, with optimal sensing at pH 7.4. The mechanism involves potential reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) in the buffer, which could complicate interpretations. The sensor's selectivity and sensitivity might be influenced by environmental factors or interfering species not fully tested.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing a truxene derivative (TP3) with dipicolylamine groups for metal ion binding, using Sonogashira coupling reactions. Fluorescence spectroscopy was employed for sensing due to its sensitivity and selectivity.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
TP3 was synthesized from commercial reagents; stock solutions were prepared in THF and diluted with HEPES buffer. Metal ions and anions were tested at specified concentrations.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Instruments included NMR spectrometers (Varian Mercury 400 MHz, Bruker Avance 100 MHz), mass spectrometers (HR-ESI-MS, MALDI-TOF MS), UV-vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2550), fluorescence spectrophotometer (Varian Cary Eclipse), and standard reagents from Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck. Materials included silica gel for TLC and column chromatography, solvents like THF, HEPES buffer.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved multiple steps: preparation of intermediates (1 and 2), Sonogashira coupling to form TP3, purification by column chromatography. For sensing, TP3 solutions were mixed with metal ions or anions in THF-HEPES buffer, and absorption/emission spectra were recorded. Titrations and Job plots were performed to study binding.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using Stern-Volmer plots for quenching constants, Benesi-Hildebrand plots for binding constants, and detection limits were calculated based on signal-to-noise ratios.
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