研究目的
To develop a green, facile, and surfactant-free hydrothermal method for synthesizing bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanostructures with tunable morphologies and to investigate their photoelectrochemical performance.
研究成果
The study successfully developed a green hydrothermal method for synthesizing Bi2S3 nanostructures with tunable morphologies (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes) by varying H2WO4 concentration. Bi2S3 nanorods with high aspect ratio showed enhanced photocurrent due to improved charge carrier mobility along the [001] direction. This approach is environmentally benign and offers potential applications in solar cells and photodetectors. Future work could extend this method to other metal sulfides and optimize PEC performance further.
研究不足
The synthesis requires precise control of H2WO4 concentration and pH; higher concentrations lead to disorganized nanostructures. The method is specific to Bi2S3 and may not be directly applicable to other materials without modification. The photoelectrochemical performance is morphology-dependent and may vary with synthesis conditions.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A hydrothermal method was chosen for the synthesis of Bi2S3 nanostructures in aqueous solution using H2WO4 as a modulator to control morphology without organic additives. The method is based on the reaction between Bi3+ and S2- ions under acidic conditions.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O), sodium sulfide (Na2S·9H2O), and sodium tungstate (Na2WO4·2H2O) were used as precursors. Samples were synthesized with varying concentrations of H2WO4 (0 to 0.2 M).
3：2 M).
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Chemicals from TCI Chemicals; deionized water; nitric acid for pH adjustment; Teflon-lined autoclave; centrifuge; vacuum oven; X-ray diffractometer (Bruck D8 Advance with Cu Kα radiation); scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S4800); transmission electron microscope (JEM-2100F); X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (Thermo Scientific ESCALab 250Xi with Al Kα radiation); UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2600); electrochemical station (CHI 660D); Xe lamp; three-electrode system with ITO, Pt wire, and Ag/AgCl electrodes.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Dissolve Na2WO4 in water, adjust pH to 2.0 with HNO3 to form H2WO4 solution. Add Bi(NO3)3 to form slurry, then add Na2S solution dropwise. Transfer to autoclave, heat at 130°C for 24 h. Collect products by centrifugation, rinse with ethanol and water, dry under vacuum. Characterize using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis-NIR, and PEC measurements.
5：0 with HNO3 to form H2WO4 solution. Add Bi(NO3)3 to form slurry, then add Na2S solution dropwise. Transfer to autoclave, heat at 130°C for 24 h. Collect products by centrifugation, rinse with ethanol and water, dry under vacuum. Characterize using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis-NIR, and PEC measurements.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: XRD for crystal structure; SEM and TEM for morphology; XPS for elemental composition and binding energy; UV-Vis-NIR for absorption spectra and bandgap calculation using Tauc plot; PEC measurements for photocurrent density and linear sweep voltammetry.
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