1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A facile hydrothermal method was used to synthesize nanoheterostructures with varying amounts of MoS2 nanosheets (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%) loaded on boron-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Characterization techniques included XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, UV-vis DRS, PL spectroscopy, and photocatalytic activity evaluation under visible light irradiation.

2：5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%) loaded on boron-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Characterization techniques included XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, UV-vis DRS, PL spectroscopy, and photocatalytic activity evaluation under visible light irradiation. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Samples included ZnO nanoparticles, boron-doped ZnO nanoparticles, MoS2 nanosheets, and their nanoheterostructures (BZM0.5, BZM1, BZM2). Methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a model pollutant for degradation studies.

3：5, BZM1, BZM2). Methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a model pollutant for degradation studies. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Chemicals such as sodium molybdate dihydrate, thiourea, oxalic acid, zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, benzoquinone, isopropanol, and deionized water were used. Equipment included autoclaves, ovens, ultrasonicator, magnetic stirrer, XRD diffractometer (Rigaku Smart Lab 9kW), Raman spectrometer (Horiba LabRAM), SEM (FEI Nova Nano SEM-450), TEM (FEI Tecnai G2 20 S-twin), XPS (ESCALAB Xi+), UV-vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 and Shimadzu UV-2450), PL spectrometer (Agilent Technologies Cary Eclipse), and a homemade photoreactor with CFL lamps.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved hydrothermal methods for ZnO, B-ZnO, MoS2, and their heterostructures. Characterization was performed using the listed techniques. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by dispersing catalyst in MB solution, stirring in dark for equilibrium, irradiating with visible light, and monitoring degradation via UV-vis spectroscopy.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Degradation efficiency was calculated using absorbance measurements, rate constants from pseudo-first-order kinetics, and PL intensity to assess charge recombination. XPS and other spectra were analyzed for chemical states and composition.