1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tulsi leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent, impregnation on TiO2, and catalytic oxidation of thiophene using TBHP as oxidant. Kinetic models (pseudo-homogeneous and Langmuir-Hinshelwood) were applied.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Fresh Tulsi leaves were used for extract preparation. Thiophene, TBHP, isooctane, TiO2, and silver nitrate were procured from specified suppliers. Model fuel with 500 ppm sulfur concentration was used.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes BET surface area analyzer (AS1 MP/Chemi-LP), XRF (Panalytical, Axios), XRD (Panalytical 3050/60), SEM (Zeol and Zeiss with Oxford EDS Detector), TEM (Tecnai G2), UV-Vis spectroscope (Shimadzu UV-1800), TPR (CHEMBET-3000), XPS (PHI 5000 spectrometer), HPLC (Perkin Elmer Series 200 with Agilent SB C-18 column), microwave for reduction, and batch reactor setup with water bath and stirrer. Materials include silver nitrate, TiO2, Tulsi leaves, thiophene, TBHP, isooctane, distilled water, alcohol for washing, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for regeneration.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Tulsi leaf extract was prepared by boiling dried leaves in water, filtering, and cooling. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by adding extract to silver nitrate solution, microwaving, and allowing formation. TiO2 was impregnated by stirring with the nanoparticle solution, filtering, washing, and drying. Catalysts were characterized using various techniques. Oxidation reactions were conducted in a batch reactor at controlled temperature and stirring speed, with samples taken at intervals for HPLC analysis. Parameters like metal loading, stirrer speed, oxidant ratio, catalyst weight, temperature, and initial thiophene concentration were varied. Reusability and regeneration studies were performed.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using kinetic models (first and second order, Langmuir-Hinshelwood), with rate constants determined from plots. Software like Polymath 5.1 was used for nonlinear regression. Statistical measures such as R2 values were used to assess model fit.