研究目的
To develop a one-step NH4Cl-assisted method to prepare amino and cyano modified porous g-C3N4 (CN-xy) for balanced improvement of multiple defects, enhancing photocatalytic degradation of RhB and hydrogen production efficiency under visible light.
研究成果
The one-step NH4Cl-assisted method successfully produced porous g-C3N4 with enhanced optical absorption, charge transfer, and porosity, leading to significantly improved photocatalytic degradation of RhB and hydrogen production efficiency. This balanced improvement addresses multiple defects of g-C3N4, making it a promising candidate for solar energy applications.
研究不足
The study focuses on specific ratios of NH4Cl to melamine; other ratios or conditions were not explored. The photocatalytic performance under aerobic conditions is limited, and scalability for practical applications may require further optimization.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A one-step NH4Cl-assisted route was used to synthesize porous g-C3N4 with active functional groups. The method involves co-melting NH4Cl and melamine at 300°C, followed by polycondensation at 520°C to form g-C3N4 with pores and modified groups.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Melamine and NH4Cl were used as precursors in varying ratios (e.g., 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 5:1) to produce CN-xy samples. Pristine g-C3N4 was synthesized for comparison.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials included melamine, NH4Cl, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), anhydrous ethanol, RhB, H2PtCl6. Equipment included muffle furnace, XRD (X'Pert Pro), FESEM (Quanta 400), TEM (JEM-2100UHR), FT-IR spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2600), PL spectrophotometer (Shimadzu RF-6000), XPS (Thermo ESCALAB250), electrochemical workstation (Zahner Zennium), ESR spectrometer (Bruker A300), fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh FLS 980), gas chromatography (TECHCOM GC7900).
4：Equipment included muffle furnace, XRD (X'Pert Pro), FESEM (Quanta 400), TEM (JEM-2100UHR), FT-IR spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2600), PL spectrophotometer (Shimadzu RF-6000), XPS (Thermo ESCALAB250), electrochemical workstation (Zahner Zennium), ESR spectrometer (Bruker A300), fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh FLS 980), gas chromatography (TECHCOM GC7900). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Synthesis involved calcining mixtures in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 4 hours. Characterization included XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis, PL, XPS, ESR, electrochemical measurements. Photocatalytic tests involved degradation of RhB under visible light and hydrogen production with Pt cocatalyst.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using techniques such as Bragg equation for XRD, BET for surface area, Kubelka-Munk function for bandgap, pseudo-first-order kinetics for degradation rates, and AQY calculation for hydrogen production.
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Field emission scanning electron microscope
Quanta 400
FEI Company
Characterize micro-morphology of samples
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Transmission electron microscopy
JEM-2100UHR
JEOL
Characterize micro-morphology of samples
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UV-Vis spectrophotometer
UV-2600
Shimadzu
Examine light absorption properties with integrating sphere
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Photoluminescence spectrophotometer
RF-6000
Shimadzu
Monitor PL spectra with excitation at 389 nm
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
ESCALAB250
Thermo
Record XPS data with Al Kα source
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Electron spin resonance spectrometer
A300
Bruker
Investigate ESR signals at room temperature
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Fluorescence spectrometer
FLS 980
Edinburgh
Monitor transient PL lifetime and fluorescence
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X-ray diffractometer
X'Pert Pro
Philips
Characterize the phase structure of samples
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Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy
Perkin-Elmer
Record FT-IR spectra using KBr disks
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Electrochemical workstation
Zennium
Zahner
Conduct electrochemical measurements
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Gas chromatography
GC7900
TECHCOM
Detect amount of evolved H2
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Muffle furnace
Calcinate samples at high temperatures
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