研究目的
To enhance the dispersal and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles using microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) for improved dye removal.
研究成果
The coherence between TiO2 nanoparticles and MFC effectively reduced particle agglomeration, increased surface area and pore volume, and enhanced hydrophilicity. TiO2/MFC thin films adsorbed 50% more methylene blue and removed 90% of the dye under UV irradiation in 90 min, demonstrating improved photocatalytic performance. The facile spray coating method without high-temperature treatment offers potential for flexible applications.
研究不足
The study used low MFC concentrations (up to 0.3 wt.%) to avoid sprayer blockage from agglomeration and viscosity; higher concentrations were not investigated. The method may not be suitable for substrates with low thermal stability if high-temperature treatments are required, but this was avoided here. Potential limitations include scalability of spray coating and long-term stability of the coatings.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing photocatalytic thin films by spray coating TiO2 and TiO2/MFC mixtures on PVC sheets using a commercial adhesive. The coherence between TiO2 nanoparticles and MFC was investigated to reduce agglomeration and enhance photocatalytic activity.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Coating solutions were prepared with varying MFC concentrations (
3：1 wt.% and 3 wt.%) and TiO2 nanoparticles. Dye solutions containing 5 ppm methylene blue (MB) were used for adsorption and photodegradation tests. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
TiO2 nanoparticles (P25, Sigma), microfibrillated cellulose (Exilva F01-L, Borregaard Cellulose Fibrils), methylene blue (Merck), ethanol (Merck), commercial adhesive (3M Spray Mount? Artist Adhesive), PVC substrate, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Zeiss Libra 120), N2 adsorption-desorption analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2020), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Perkin Elmer TGA7), scanning electron microscope (SEM, Quanta 200 FESEM, FEI), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX, Oxford Instruments), goniometer (Rame'-Hart model 200), orbital shaker (Major Science), UV–vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Carry 60), UV lamp (Sankyo G10T8, 10 W).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Coating solutions were prepared by dispersing TiO2 and MFC in distilled water, sonicated for 30 min, then spray-coated on adhesive-coated PVC sheets and dried at 50°C overnight. Characterization included TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, TGA, FTIR, SEM with EDX, water contact angle measurement. Adsorption tests involved immersing coatings in MB solution with orbital shaking, followed by photodegradation under UV irradiation.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
BET method for surface area, BJH method for pore volume and diameter, UV–vis spectrophotometry for dye concentration analysis, and software (DROP image Standard Software) for contact angle measurement.
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Transmission electron microscopy
Libra 120
Zeiss
Used to observe the microstructure and agglomeration of TiO2 and TiO2/MFC samples.
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Nicolet iS10
Thermo Scientific
Used to analyze the chemical properties and confirm the presence of MFC in the samples.
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Thermogravimetric analysis
TGA7
Perkin Elmer
Used to study the thermal stability and weight loss of the samples under N2 flow.
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Scanning electron microscope
Quanta 200 FESEM
FEI
Used to examine the morphology of the coating surfaces.
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UV–vis spectrophotometer
Cary 60
Agilent
Used to analyze dye concentration at 664 nm during adsorption and photodegradation tests.
Cary 60 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
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TiO2 nanoparticles
P25
Sigma
Used as the primary photocatalyst in the coating solutions for dye degradation under UV irradiation.
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Microfibrillated cellulose
Exilva F01-L
Borregaard Cellulose Fibrils
Used to enhance the dispersal of TiO2 nanoparticles and improve photocatalytic properties in the thin films.
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Adhesive
Spray Mount? Artist Adhesive
3M
Used as a commercial adhesive to coat the PVC substrate before spray coating the photocatalytic solutions.
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Methylene blue
Merck
Used as the dye in adsorption and photodegradation tests to evaluate the performance of the coatings.
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Ethanol
absolute
Merck
Used to disperse samples for TEM observation.
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N2 adsorption-desorption analyzer
ASAP 2020
Micromeritics
Used to analyze specific surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of the samples using BET and BJH methods.
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Energy dispersive X-ray
Oxford Instruments
Used with SEM to confirm the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the coatings.
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Goniometer
model 200
Rame'-Hart
Used to measure water contact angles to assess hydrophilicity of the coatings.
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Orbital shaker
Major Science
Used in adsorption tests to shake the dye solution with the coatings.
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UV lamp
G10T8
Sankyo
Used to provide UV irradiation for photodegradation of dye.
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Sonicator
S80 H
Elmansonic
Used to sonicate coating solutions for 30 min to minimize particle agglomeration before spray coating.
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