1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of nanoHAP on titanium substrates, followed by sintering in air at temperatures from 600 to 900°C for 1 hour to form a composite layer (nanoHAP-TiO2-Ti). Characterization techniques included XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM with EDAX, AFM, and electrochemical studies (OCP, EIS, anodic polarization) in Ringer's solution. Biocompatibility was assessed via MTT assay and cell culture with osteoblast cells.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Titanium substrates (ASTM F67) were used. NanoHAP suspension (2% in isopropyl alcohol) was prepared. Human MG-63 osteoblast cell line from National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune, was used for in vitro studies.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included X-ray diffractometer (Bruker model D8), Raman spectrometer (Nanophoton Raman11-I), FESEM (CARL ZEISS SUPRA 55), AFM (ASYLUM Research MFP-3D), electrochemical workstation (Biologic SP-240), UV-Spectrofluorophotometer (Shimadzu RF-5301). Materials included titanium, nanoHAP, isopropyl alcohol, Ringer's solution, MTT reagent, and cell culture media.

4：1). Materials included titanium, nanoHAP, isopropyl alcohol, Ringer's solution, MTT reagent, and cell culture media. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Substrates were polished and cleaned. EPD was performed at 80 V for 3 minutes. Coated samples were sintered at 600-900°C. Characterization and electrochemical tests were conducted post-sintering. Cell viability and attachment studies were performed using standard protocols.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

XRD data analyzed using Scherrer equation for crystallite size. Electrochemical data fitted with equivalent circuit models using ZSimpWin software. Cell viability calculated from absorbance measurements.