1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employs a modified reprecipitation method to synthesize small-sized Pdots from conjugated polymer P1. The sensing mechanism is based on fluorescence quenching by Fe3+ via electron transfer and recovery upon PA addition due to strong chelation between PA and Fe3+.

2：The sensing mechanism is based on fluorescence quenching by Fe3+ via electron transfer and recovery upon PA addition due to strong chelation between PA and Fe3+. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Samples include synthetic Pdot-1, phytic acid, metal ions, anions, corn grain samples, and HeLa cell extracts. Data are sourced from fluorescence spectra, UV-visible absorption, TEM, zeta potential, and confocal imaging.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes Hitachi F-7000 fluorometer, UV-2450 spectrophotometer, PHS-3C pH meter, JEM-2010 TEM, Zetasizer Nano ZS analyzer, Leica TCS SP8 confocal microscope, KQ-250E sonicator, and rotary evaporator. Materials include P1 polymer, PEG-300-COOH, phytic acid, Fe3+ ions, buffers (HAc-NaAc, Tris-HCl), and cell culture reagents (RPMI 1640, DMEM, FBS, MTT).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Pdot-1 synthesis involves dissolving PEG-300-COOH in water, adding P1 solution, sonication, rotary evaporation, centrifugation, and filtration. PA detection involves incubating Pdot-1 with Fe3+ and PA in buffer, followed by fluorescence measurement. Cell assays include cytotoxicity testing with MTT and cellular imaging with confocal microscopy.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Fluorescence intensity changes are analyzed to determine PA concentration, with linear ranges and detection limits calculated. Statistical analysis includes correlation coefficients for calibration curves and cell viability assessments.