研究目的
To develop lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with high energy storage density and efficiency for high power energy storage applications over a broad temperature range.
研究成果
The BNT-BZT40 ceramic achieves a high energy storage density of 3.1 J/cm3 and efficiency of 91% at room temperature, with excellent temperature stability (variation <1.5% over 20-160°C) and cycling reliability (variation <3% up to 106 cycles). The design strategy of tuning Bi/Na ratio and incorporating BZT successfully enhanced relaxor characteristics and breakdown strength, demonstrating great potential for high-power energy storage applications across broad temperature ranges. Future studies could focus on scaling up production and integrating these ceramics into practical devices.
研究不足
The study is limited to ceramic samples with specific compositions (x=0.20 to 0.50) and may not generalize to other material systems. The detection resolution of XRD might miss minor secondary phases, as observed in x=0.50. Energy losses in RC circuit measurements and sample thickness variations could affect accuracy. Optimization potential exists in further enhancing breakdown strength and exploring other dopants or fabrication methods.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed a conventional solid-state sintering method to fabricate (1-x)Bi0.51Na0.47TiO3-xBa(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (BNT-BZT100x) ceramics. The design rationale included tuning the Bi/Na ratio and introducing Ba(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 to stabilize antiferroelectric phases, enhance relaxor characteristics, and improve dielectric breakdown strength.
2：51Na47TiO3-xBa(Zr3Ti7)O3 (BNT-BZT100x) ceramics. The design rationale included tuning the Bi/Na ratio and introducing Ba(Zr3Ti7)O3 to stabilize antiferroelectric phases, enhance relaxor characteristics, and improve dielectric breakdown strength. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Ceramic samples with x=0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 were prepared. Raw materials included Bi2O3, Na2CO3, BaCO3, TiO2, and ZrO2 from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Data were collected from electrical characterizations, structural analyses, and energy storage measurements.
3：20, 30, 40, and 50 were prepared. Raw materials included Bi2O3, Na2CO3, BaCO3, TiO2, and ZrO2 from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Data were collected from electrical characterizations, structural analyses, and energy storage measurements. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical X’Pert PRO), field-emission scanning electron microscope (Quanta 450 FEG), transmission electron microscope (Talos F200S), ion beam milling system (EM RES102), precision LCR meter (E4980A), modified Sawyer-Tower circuit (PK-CPE1701), high voltage power amplifier (Trek Model 610C), and capacitor charge-discharge test system (PK-CPR1701). Materials were the aforementioned oxides and polyvinyl alcohol binder.
4：1). Materials were the aforementioned oxides and polyvinyl alcohol binder. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Powders were ball-milled, calcined, pressed into pellets, sintered at 1140-1180°C, polished, and sputtered with gold electrodes. Characterizations involved XRD, SEM, TEM, dielectric measurements, P-E hysteresis loops, and charge-discharge tests under controlled electric fields and temperatures.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using Weibull distribution for breakdown strength, modified Curie-Weiss law for dielectric diffuseness, and integration of P-E loops for energy storage parameters. Statistical fits and graphical analyses were performed to evaluate performance.
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X-ray diffractometer
X’Pert PRO
PANalytical
Determining crystalline structure of ceramics
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Field-emission scanning electron microscope
Quanta 450 FEG
FEI
Microstructure observation of fractured samples
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Transmission electron microscope
Talos F200S
Thermofisher Scientific
High-resolution microstructure and SAED analysis
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Ion beam milling system
EM RES102
Leica
Fabricating thin samples for TEM analysis
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Precision LCR meter
E4980A
Agilent Technology
Measuring dielectric properties
E4980A/E4980AL Precision LCR Meter
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Modified Sawyer-Tower circuit
PK-CPE1701
PolyK Technologies
Measuring ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loops
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High voltage power amplifier
Model 610C
TREK
Generating electric field for P-E measurements
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Capacitor charge-discharge test system
PK-CPR1701
PolyK Technologies
Measuring charge and discharge behaviors
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