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Endowing Light-Inert Aqueous Surfactant Two-Phase System with Photo Responsiveness by Introducing a Trojan Horse
摘要： The ability to modulate the phase behavior of aqueous surfactant two-phase (ASTP) system reversibly with light is of great importance in both fundamental and applied science. Thus far, most of the light-responsive ASTP systems are based on covalent-modification of the component molecules. In this article, we for the first time achieve photo-responsiveness in a light-inert ASTP system by physically introducing a photo-trigger with the aid of an Trojan Horse. The ATPS system formed with sodium laurate (SL) and dodecyl tributyl amomium (DBAB) doesn’t show light responsiveness by physically mixing a light responsive azobenzene compound, 2-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenoxy)actate sodium (Azo). However, in the presence of the host-guest complex SL@β-CD formed with β-CD and sodium laurate (SL), the ASTP turns quickly into a homogenous suspension under visible light, which recovers to the original ASTP state again under 365 nm UV irradiation. Because the SL@β-CD complex exists harmonically with the ASTP, it can be viewed as a “Trojan horse” that becomes fatal only when the encapsulated SL is triggered to release. In the presence of the Trojan horse, the photo-responsiveness of the ASTP can be manipulated reversibly by alternatively exerting UV and visible light. Using this strategy, we are able to collect trace amount of oily components from water. The current strategy points out that it is possible to achieve light-responsiveness in light-inert systems with physical method, which may have profound impact both on the fundamental and applied science.
关键词： Cyclodextrin,Azobenzene,Trojan horse,Host-Guest Interaction,Aqueous surfactant two-phase system,Photo-Responsive
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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Determination of cholic acid in body fluids by β?cyclodextrin-modified N-doped carbon dot fluorescent probes
摘要： An easy, dependable, and sensitive cholic acid activity experiment was designed based on β?cyclodextrin-modi?ed carbon dot (β?CD-CD) nanoprobes with speci?c host–guest recognizing ability and photoelectron transfer capability. The β?CD-CD nanoprobes were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and ?uorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ?uorescence of the probes under optimized conditions linearly responded to cholic acid concentration from 0 to 650 μmol·L?1 with a detection limit of 25 nmol·L?1. The probes also performed well in detecting cholic acid in serum and urine samples with an average recovery rate of 97.1%–103.4%. Thus, this study provides a reliable, rapid, and easy method of cholic acid detection in body ?uids that can be potentially applied in medical studies.
关键词： Host–guest recognition,β?cyclodextrin,Cholic acid,Photoinduced electron transfer,Carbon dots
更新于2025-11-14 17:03:37
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Facile method for iodide ion detection via the fluorescence decrease of dihydrolipoic acid/beta-cyclodextrin protected Ag nanoclusters
摘要： In this work, novel photoluminescent Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs) with red emission are synthesized and successfully used for detecting iodide ion (I?). The dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) is used as the stabilizing agent and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is used as the auxiliary stabilizing agent. DHLA and β-CD are combined with Ag atoms by the formation of Ag-S bonds and hydrophobic interaction, respectively. Functionalization of β-CD endows good photoluminescent properties and solubility in water to the Ag NCs. The obtained DHLA and β-CD-protected Ag NCs (DHLA/β-CD-Ag NCs) are spherical and display a dispersed state. However, the DHLA/β-CD-Ag NCs are aggregated in the presence of I?, accompanied by the decrease in their fluorescence intensity. Because the integrity of β-CD cavities is retained on the surface of DHLA/β-CD-Ag NCs, which preserves their capability for I? host–guest recognition, the DHLA/β-CD-Ag NCs combine with I? through the formation of inclusion complexes. Based on this phenomenon, the prepared DHLA/β-CD-Ag NCs can be designed as a novel fluorescent probe for I? detection. The limit of detection (LOD) is calculated as 0.06 μM, indicating that it is an ideal probe for I? detection in practical applications.
关键词： Ag nanoclusters,Fluorescent probe,Beta-cyclodextrin,Dihydrolipoic acid,Iodide ion
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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NIR Light- and pH-Responsive Graphene Oxide Hybrid Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels
摘要： Here a novel triple-responsive graphene oxide hybrid supramolecular hydrogel based on the electrostatic self-assembly between graphene oxide and a quaternized polymer and the host-guest inclusion between α-cyclodextrins and polyethylene glycol monomethylether (mPEG) was constructed. The quaternized polymer was synthesized by quaternization between pH sensitive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and bromine end-capped polyethylene glycol monomethylether. The supramolecular hydrogels prepared from the host-guest inclusion of polyethylene glycol monomethylether and α-cyclodextrins would turn into a mobile sol phase when the temperature increased above a certain temperature (Tgel-sol). Graphene oxide sheets not only acted as a core material to provide additional cross-linking, but also absorbed NIR light and converted NIR light into heat to trigger the gel-sol transition. The constructed graphene oxide hybrid cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogels could respond to NIR light, temperature and pH, which could be beneficial for controlled release of cargoes and would hold great promise in the field of delivery systems.
关键词： graphene oxide,self-assembly,cyclodextrin,hydrogel,controlled release
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Zirconia Nanocolloids Having a Nanospace of Poly(cyclodextrin): Preparation and Application to Liquid Crystal Devices
摘要： Poly(β-cyclodextrin) (PβCyD)-protected ZrO2 nanocolloids were prepared by using a microwave reactor equipped with ultrasonic nozzle mixing at 240 °C for 30 min in a tetraethylene glycol solution of zirconium (IV) ethoxide in the presence of poly(β-cyclodextrin). Particles in PβCyD-protected ZrO2 nanocolloids have an average diameter of 7.2 nm and mainly distribute within the range of about 3 to 10 nm. The nanocolloids were dispersed in 4'-pentylbiphenyl-4-carbonitrile (5CB) and practical liquid crystal to construct novel twisted nematic liquid crystal devices (TN-LCDs). The response time of this TN-LCDs in the presence of PβCyD-protected ZrO2 nanocolloids was faster than that in the absence. The threshold voltage of TN-LCDs by doping PβCyD-protected ZrO2 nanocolloids decreased. The decrease of threshold voltage can reduce power consumption, which may meet the demands of future power-saving LCDs.
关键词： Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Devices,Zirconia Nanocolloids,Poly(cyclodextrin),Nanospace,4'-Pentylbiphenyl-4-Carbonitrile
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Nepafenac-Loaded Cyclodextrin/Polymer Nanoaggregates: A New Approach to Eye Drop Formulation
摘要： The topical administration route is commonly used for targeting therapeutics to the eye; however, improving the bioavailability of drugs applied directly to the eye remains a challenge. Different strategies have been studied to address this challenge. One of them is the use of aggregates that are formed easily by self-assembly of cyclodextrin (CD)/drug complexes in aqueous solution. The aim of this study was to design a new eye drop formulation based on aggregates formed between CD/drug complexes. For this purpose, the physicochemical properties of the aggregates associated with six CDs and selected water-soluble polymers were analysed. Complex formation was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Results showed that HPβCD performed best in terms of solubilization, while γCD performed best in terms of enhancing nanoaggregate formation. Formation of inclusion complexes was con?rmed by DSC, FT-IR and 1H-NMR studies. A mixture of 15% (w/v) γCD and 8% (w/v) HPβCD was selected for formulation studies. It was concluded that formulations with aggregate sizes less than 1 μm and viscosity around 10–19 centipoises can be easily prepared using a mixture of CDs. Formulations containing polymeric drug/CD nanoaggregates represent an interesting strategy for enhanced topical delivery of nepafenac.
关键词： cyclodextrin,self-assemble,nepafenac,aggregate,polymer,complexation,ocular drug delivery
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Quaternary Supramolecular Nanoparticles as a Photoerasable Luminescent Ink and Photocontrolled Cella??Imaging Agent
摘要： Photoswitchable luminescent supramolecular assemblies based on cyclodextrins have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential applications as smart materials, but most of the assemblies reported to date emit green or blue light with low contrast and high interference. In this study, novel photoluminescent red-luminescent quaternary supramolecular nanoparticles (2) are constructed from a dithienylethene derivative (1), a β-cyclodextrin-functionalized ruthenium complex (Ru-HOP-CD), Pluronic F-127, and cetrimonium bromide. Compared with the binary assembly 1@Ru-HOP-CD, the quaternary nanoparticles exhibit high fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency, with Ru-HOP-CD acting as the donor and 1 as the acceptor. Owing to the reversible photoswitched interconversion of the two forms of the dithienylethene component, the fluorescence of the nanoparticles could be switched on/off by irradiation with UV or visible light, both in solution and in the solid state. As a result, the nanoparticles could be used as a photoerasable red-luminescent ink and as a photocontrolled cell-imaging agent. These functional nanoparticles can be expected to be useful in the fields of information security and biology.
关键词： anticounterfeiting,cell imaging,cyclodextrin,photoerasable luminescent ink,diarylethene
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Reply to Comment on a??Photo-Controlled Reversible Microtubule Assembly Mediated by Paclitaxel-Modified Cyclodextrina??
摘要： In a Correspondence on our previous study “Photo-Controlled Reversible Microtubule Assembly Mediated by Paclitaxel-Modified Cyclodextrin” published in this journal in 2018,[1a] Thorn-Seshold comments on our results.[1b] First of all, we would like to appreciate his comments and interest in our work. The aggregation behavior of microtubules (MTs) in our work has been demonstrated from the viewpoint of macrocycle-based host–guest complexation at the supramolecular level and subsequently, the MT stabilizers based on azobenzene-modified paclitaxel (PTX) derivatives as photoswitchable small molecules have been investigated by Thorn-Seshold and co-workers in 2019.[2] In our case, the microscopy results showed that the MT morphology was dramatically affected by the photoisomeric complexation between cyclodextrin (CD) and arylazopyrazole (AAP). No fibrous assembly as free MT could be observed in the presence of free PTX-CD, PTX-AAP, or their inclusion complex in the cis/trans states. Therefore, the introduction of CD and AAP definitely influenced the self-assembling behavior between PTX and MT. Moreover, fluorescent-dye-staining assays demonstrated that the PTX-derived host and guest compounds still possessed MT-targeting ability to some extent, because MT could be co-labeled by FITC-tagged antibodies and adamantane-containing RhB. Thus, the microtubular aggregation was proposed as one of the possible assembling modes in Scheme 1 (cartoon presentation). The binding mode of MT with CD and AAP was directly deduced from our microscopy images and cellular confocal experiments. The biological effect in our work may be jointly attributed to both the PTX-dependent pathway (PTX-induced microtubular stabilization) and the PTX-independent pathway (complexation-induced multivalent supramolecular cross-linkage) at the nanometer scale.[3] Under these circumstances, one reasonable explanation is that the latter (independent) effect may become comparable to the former (dependent) one when the MT affinity is reduced by chemical modification at the 2’-OH position of PTX. Moreover, as a widely studied macrocyclic receptor in supramolecular chemistry, CD can form a diversity of supramolecular assemblies.[4] To determine the precise binding mode, in addition to the viewpoint of structural biology for evaluating the original PTX–MT interaction at the single-molecule level, many other factors and multiple supramolecular noncovalent interactions (e.g., self-inclusion, self-exclusion, amphiphilicity, extensive hydrogen bonding, and supramolecular multivalency/cooperativity) between PTX-CD and PTX-AAP should also be taken into account. For example, the multivalent inclusion complexation between multiple CD and PTX molecules may confer high stability to the nano-assembly.[5] Therefore, in our opinion, no binding mode can be exclusively confirmed at the present time until the hyperfine structures of such multicomponent CD–protein assemblies have been obtained both in solution and in the solid state (e.g., in a single crystal). Moreover, azobenzene/CD is one of the most frequently used host–guest pairs in adjusting the assembling/disassembling behavior of proteins and other biomacromolecules.[6] Meanwhile, AAP is a new type of azo compound, which possesses quite distinct photophysical behavior compared to conventional azobenzenes, such as enhanced photostability and photoconversion efficiency. The biological effect of pristine AAP on pure MT may deserve further attention, but this aspect was outside the scope of our previous study. Overall, based on NMR, TEM, UV/Vis transmittance, and confocal microscopy experiments, we clearly demonstrated in our previous study that 1) the MT self-assembling morphology can be strongly affected by the host–guest complexation between CD and AAP, and that 2) complexation-induced MT aggregation can be realized in a cellular environment. Thus, our work provides an alternative supramolecular chemistry method to modulate a biomacromolecular assembling process. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Thorn-Seshold for his constructive suggestions and express our hope that we can improve the chemical simulation and gain further insight into the biological mechanism in further work.
关键词： molecular recognition,photo-responsiveness,cyclodextrin,supramolecular assembly,microtubules
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Reply to Comment on a??Photo-Controlled Reversible Microtubule Assembly Mediated by Paclitaxel-Modified Cyclodextrina??
摘要： In a Correspondence on our previous study ?Photo-Controlled Reversible Microtubule Assembly Mediated by Paclitaxel-Modified Cyclodextrin“ published in this journal in 2018,[1a] Thorn-Seshold comments on our results.[1b] First of all, we would like to appreciate his comments and interest in our work. The aggregation behavior of microtubules (MTs) in our work has been demonstrated from the viewpoint of macrocycle-based host–guest complexation at the supramolecular level and subsequently, the MT stabilizers based on azobenzene-modified paclitaxel (PTX) derivatives as photoswitchable small molecules have been investigated by Thorn-Seshold and co-workers in 2019.[2] In our case, the microscopy results showed that the MT morphology was dramatically affected by the photoisomeric complexation between cyclodextrin (CD) and arylazopyrazole (AAP). No fibrous assembly as free MT could be observed in the presence of free PTX-CD, PTX-AAP, or their inclusion complex in the cis/trans states. Therefore, the introduction of CD and AAP definitely influenced the self-assembling behavior between PTX and MT. Moreover, fluorescent-dye-staining assays demonstrated that the PTX-derived host and guest compounds still possessed MT-targeting ability to some extent, because MT could be co-labeled by FITC-tagged antibodies and adamantane-containing RhB. Thus, the microtubular aggregation was proposed as one of the possible assembling modes in Scheme 1 (cartoon presentation). The binding mode of MT with CD and AAP was directly deduced from our microscopy images and cellular confocal experiments. The biological effect in our work may be jointly attributed to both the PTX-dependent pathway (PTX-induced microtubular stabilization) and the PTX-independent pathway (complexation-induced multivalent supramolecular cross-linkage) at the nanometer scale.[3] Under these circumstances, one reasonable explanation is that the latter (independent) effect may become comparable to the former (dependent) one when the MT affinity is reduced by chemical modification at the 2’-OH position of PTX.
关键词： molecular recognition,photo-responsiveness,cyclodextrin,supramolecular assembly,microtubules
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Inclusion complex of Tramadol in β-cyclodextrin enhances fluorescence by preventing self-quenching
摘要： Fluorescence self-quenching occurs at high concentration. Inhibition of self-quenching by inclusion of fluorescence emitters inside the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been addressed taking the example of the fluorescence behavior of Tramadol hydrochloride. Indeed complexation by β-CD enhanced fluorescence emission of Tramadol under conditions where self-quenching was operative. A quantitative account of self-quenching and its inhibition by β-CD was done through determination of complexation equilibrium by 1H NMR experiments and a detailed study of absorption and fluorescence properties. Tramadol and β-CD associate as a complex of 1:1 stoichiometry with a formation constant K11 = 260. Complexation of Tramadol by β-CD does not cause modification of its absorbance and fluorescence spectra. Fluorescence self-quenching of Tramadol above ～ 1 mmol·L?1 was characterized by a Stern–Volmer constant K = 810 L·mol?1. Inhibition of self-quenching by formation of an inclusion complex was manifested by lower Stern–Volmer constants in the presence of β-CD. Such study required a correct account of Inner Filter Effects on fluorescence, which is mandatory in all physicochemical studies using fluorescence where concentrations are rather high.
关键词： Quenching,β-Cyclodextrin,Tramadol,Fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57