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Photo-controlled reversible binding between the protein A-derived Z domain and immunoglobulin G
摘要： Photoisomerization of the trans and cis isomers of azobenzene derivatives has been used to control the function of biomolecules in a reversible and non-destructive manner. In this study affibody molecules, representing a class of small, helical proteins that can be engineered for binding to a wide range of target proteins, have been investigated by the incorporation of a photoswitchable azobenzene derivative in the molecule. Three different Z domain variants were produced by solid phase peptide synthesis and conjugated by thiol-directed chemistry to an azobenzene-based photoswitch. The proteins were screened for binding to and light elution from an IgG-sepharose affinity column. One of tested Z variants, ZC3, showed efficient binding to the column and could be eluted by irradiation with light at 400 nm. In a reverse affinity chromatography assay, where the ZC3 variant was coupled to sepharose, human IgG1 could be captured to the column and partially eluted by light. Further studies of the azobenzene-conjugated ZC3 domain by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed the high affinity binding to IgG, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the protein has a high alpha-helical secondary structure content.
关键词： immunoglobulin G,affibody molecule,photoswitch,Z domain,affinity chromatography,azobenzene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A DNA‐Azobenzene Nanopump Fueled by Upconversion Luminance for Controllable Intracellular Drug Release
摘要： Stimulus-responsive drug release possesses considerable significance in cancer precise therapy. Inspired by the continuous rotation-inversion movement of photoisomerizable azobenzene (Azo), this work designs an upconversion luminance fueled DNA-Azo nanopump for rapid and efficient drug release. The nanopump is constructed by assembling the Azo-functionalized DNA strands on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The selective intercalation of doxorubicin (DOX) in specific DNA helix leads to its efficient loading. Under near-infrared light, the UCNPs emit both UV and visible photons to fuel the continuous photo-isomerization of Azo, which acts as an impeller pump to trigger cyclic DNA hybridization and dehybridization for controllable DOX release. In a relatively short period, this system demonstrates 86.7% DOX release. By assembling HIV-1 TAT peptide and hyaluronic acid on the system, cancer cell nuclear targeting delivery is achieved for perinuclear aggregation of DOX and enhanced anticancer therapy. This highly effective drug delivery nanopump would contribute to chemotherapy development.
关键词： upconversion nanoparticles,drug delivery,DNA nanopump,azobenzene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A DNA-Azobenzene Nanopump Fueled by Upconversion Luminance for Controllable Intracellular Drug Release
摘要： Stimulus-responsive drug release possesses considerable significance in cancer precise therapy. Inspired by the continuous rotation-inversion movement of photoisomerizable azobenzene (Azo), this work designs an upconversion luminance fueled DNA-Azo nanopump for rapid and efficient drug release. The nanopump is constructed by assembling the Azo-functionalized DNA strands on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The selective intercalation of doxorubicin (DOX) in specific DNA helix leads to its efficient loading. Under near-infrared light, the UCNPs emit both UV and visible photons to fuel the continuous photo-isomerization of Azo, which acts as an impeller pump to trigger cyclic DNA hybridization and dehybridization for controllable DOX release. In a relatively short period, this system demonstrates 86.7% DOX release. By assembling HIV-1 TAT peptide and hyaluronic acid on the system, cancer cell nuclear targeting delivery is achieved for perinuclear aggregation of DOX and enhanced anticancer therapy. This highly effective drug delivery nanopump would contribute to chemotherapy development.
关键词： upconversion nanoparticles,drug delivery,DNA nanopump,azobenzene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Green-light-induced melting of self-assembled azobenzene nano/microstructures
摘要： We report the formation of green-light-responsive fluorescent aggregates composed of trigonal molecules having three ortho-dialkylated azobenzene wings at the periphery (a green-light-responsive 3BuES and an aggregation-induced emission/aggregation-induced emission enhancement [AIE/AIEE]-active 3BuAz). Exposure of the respective (3BuES and 3BuAz) spheres to green light leads to color tuning and/or fluorescence switching. The results can be rationalized in terms of green-light-induced molecular conformational changes of the trigonal azobenzene molecules and the resulting phase transition of the self-assembled structures. For instance, irradiation of 3BuES with green light produces B35% of U-shaped cis forms (i.e., approximately one-third of the trans-azobenzene units isomerizes to the cis forms), which seems to be su?cient to weaken the degree of the molecular packing of the trigonal azobenzene frameworks and lower the melting temperatures. Moreover, to apply the excellent fluorescence switching functions of 3BuAz aggregates to create new fluorescent organic materials, we used a co-assembly of 3BuES–3BuAz binary mixtures. Our important approach for obtaining green-light-responsive fluorescent nano/microstructures from the binary mixtures is phase separation based on the structural difference between 3BuES (having a planar central core) and 3BuAz (having a distorted conformation), which helps retain the fluorescence functions of the AIE/AIEE-active 3BuAz chromophore. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), and fluorescence optical microscopy (FOM) observations prove apparent green-light-induced melting, color tuning and fluorescence switching of the phase-separated structures (i.e., microspheres and nanoparticles).
关键词： green-light-responsive,AIE/AIEE,azobenzene,fluorescent aggregates,fluorescence switching,phase separation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Athermal and Soft Multi‐Nanopattern of Azopolymer Enabled by Phototunable Mechanics
摘要： Imprinting nanopatterns on flexible substrates has diverse applications in advanced fabrication. However, the traditional thermal nanoimprint lithography (T-NIL) often causes shrinkage upon cooling. Although this can be partly avoided by employing ultraviolet-curable nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL), it is still difficult to generate multiple and rewritable nanopatterns. Here, a simple yet versatile method is introduced to fabricate multiple nanopatterns on flexible substrate coated with azopolymer by combining athermal nanoimprint lithography (AT-NIL) and photolithography. The azopolymer is chosen as the surface coating due to its intriguing variability of mechanical properties upon photoirradiation, which includes: (1) phototunable glass transition temperatures (Tgs) and concomitantly photoinduced switch from glassy plastic to viscoplastic polymer; (2) prominent modulation of viscoplasticity under light illumination at different wavelengths. Regionally-selective multiple nanopatterns are conveniently fabricated, presenting angle-dependent structural-color images on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates. The flexible, athermal and multiple nanopatterning method may provide enlightenment for on-demand fabrication of complex nanopatterns.
关键词： multiple nanopatterns,azobenzene-containing polymer (azopolymer),phototunable mechanics,athermal imprint lithography,flexible nanopatterns
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enhancement of the Power Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Surface Patterning of Azobenzene Thin Films
摘要： Nanoscale-patterned azobenzene thin films were incorporated in organic solar cells to scatter incident light, thus increasing the optical path length of photons inside the active area. This ultimately led to significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancements in the active layer. Specifically, the azobenzene thin films were patterned with two-dimensional crossed surface relief gratings inscribed via laser interference lithography. The patterned films were then bleached and thermally stabilized by exposure to strong ultraviolet light before being incorporated in P3HT:PC61BM and PTB7:PC61BM solar cells. The fabricated solar cells exhibited a PCE enhancement of 133%, from 1.37 to 3.19%, for P3HT:PC61BM solar cells, and a PCE enhancement of 302%, from 0.53 to 2.13%, for PTB7:PC61BM solar cells.
关键词： azobenzene thin films,laser interference lithography,organic solar cells,power conversion efficiency,surface relief gratings
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Athermal and Soft Multi-Nanopattern of Azopolymer Enabled by Phototunable Mechanics
摘要： Imprinting nanopatterns on flexible substrates has diverse applications in advanced fabrication. However, the traditional thermal nanoimprint lithography (T-NIL) often causes shrinkage upon cooling. Although this can be partly avoided by employing ultraviolet-curable nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL), it is still difficult to generate multiple and rewritable nanopatterns. Here, a simple yet versatile method is introduced to fabricate multiple nanopatterns on flexible substrate coated with azopolymer by combining athermal nanoimprint lithography (AT-NIL) and photolithography. The azopolymer is chosen as the surface coating due to its intriguing variability of mechanical properties upon photoirradiation, which includes: (1) phototunable glass transition temperatures (Tgs) and concomitantly photoinduced switch from glassy plastic to viscoplastic polymer; (2) prominent modulation of viscoplasticity under light illumination at different wavelengths. Regionally-selective multiple nanopatterns are conveniently fabricated, presenting angle-dependent structural-color images on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates. The flexible, athermal and multiple nanopatterning method may provide enlightenment for on-demand fabrication of complex nanopatterns.
关键词： multiple nanopatterns,azobenzene-containing polymer (azopolymer),phototunable mechanics,athermal imprint lithography,flexible nanopatterns
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Optically-controlled supramolecular self-assembly of an antibiotic for antibacterial regulation
摘要： We report a supramolecular photo-responsive antibiotic (azobenzene-norfloxacin/aCD). This supramolecule exhibited a higher ‘‘on–off’’ ratio of antibacterial ability than azobenzene-norfloxacin alone under UV irradiation. It offers an approach to efficiently regulate the activity of antibiotics by combining the supramolecular and light-regulating strategies together.
关键词： photo-responsive,antibiotic,antibacterial regulation,supramolecular,azobenzene-norfloxacin
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Entangled Azobenzene‐Containing Polymers with Photoinduced Reversible Solid‐to‐Liquid Transitions for Healable and Reprocessable Photoactuators
摘要： Photoactuators based on liquid crystal elastomers or networks are smart materials that show photoinduced motions. However, their crosslinked networks make their repair or reprocessing difficult. Here, a healable and reprocessable photoactuator is fabricated using entangled high-molecular-weight azobenzene-containing polymers (azopolymers) that are non-crosslinked. A series of linear liquid crystal azopolymers with different molecular weights are synthesized. The low-molecular-weight azopolymers (5–53 kg mol?1) cannot form freestanding photoactuators because their polymer chains lack entanglements, which makes them hard and brittle. In contrast, flexible and stretchable actuators are fabricated using high-molecular-weight azopolymers (80–100 kg mol?1) that exhibit good processability because of the polymer chain entanglements. The azopolymer photoactuators show photoinduced bending based on photoinduced trans–cis isomerization of the azopolymers on the irradiated side. The experiments show not only photoinduced phase transitions or changes in the order parameters but also photoinduced solid-to-liquid transition of the azopolymers resulting in shape changes and mechanical responses. Thus, photoinduced solid-to-liquid transition is a new mechanism for the design of photoactuators. Moreover, the azopolymer photoactuators are healable and reprocessable via solution processing or light irradiation. Healability and reprocessability prolong lifetimes of photoactuators are important for materials reusage and recycling, and represent a new strategy for the preparation of smart materials.
关键词： azobenzene,actuators,photoswitches,polymers,self-healing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Optical-trapping of a red Bessel beam controlled by co-propagating green Gaussian beam in azobenzene liquid crystal
摘要： Simultaneous co-propagation of red nondiffracting Bessel beam and green Gaussian beam at milliwatt powers in a photosensitive azobenzene liquid crystal has been studied. The fine displacement of the narrow-width Gaussian beam relative to the Bessel beam central maximum showed the Bessel beam distortion and controlled bending of its core in the direction opposite to the location of green Gaussian beam. After switching off the green beam, the dynamics of restoration of Bessel beam demonstrated the pronounced optical-trapping feature of its central core and transient soliton-like propagation with reduced diameter and increased intensity and propagation depth thus forming a waveguiding channel.
关键词： spatial soliton,Bessel beam,self-focusing,azobenzene liquid crystal,photo-isomerization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04