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Passive cooling of building-integrated photovolatics in desert conditions: Experiment and modeling
摘要： The ef?ciency of photovoltaic modules depends mainly on the cell operating temperatures. Performance enhancement of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels by passive cooling has been investigated both experimentally and with computational modeling. It has been shown that mounting the BIPV with a narrow channel can reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel. This enhancement in the heat transfer from the PV panel results in decreasing the average temperature of the PV panel from 5 to 10 (cid:1)C. Results show that having a 30 cm channel beneath the panel can increase the electrical output by 3e4%. This increase in PV output can translate into a signi?cant amount over the life cycle of a given PV module. Various channel aspect ratios have been tested in order to correlate the enhancement in performance to the cooling channel geometry. There is signi?cant consistency between the experimentally measured PV panel surface temperatures and those obtained from the computational model.
关键词： Building-integrated,Thermal performance,Passive cooling,Photovoltaic array
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Optimization of laser-patterning process and module design for transparent amorphous silicon thin-film module using thin OMO back electrode
摘要： Transparent hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film solar modules are fabricated using oxide-metal-oxide (OMO) electrodes as the back electrode for building-integrated photovoltaic applications. The outer aluminum-doped zinc oxide and inner silver layers constitute a thin OMO electrode (~110 nm thick), exhibiting a sheet resistance of 6.8 Ω/□ and an average transmittance of ~88% in the visible range of 400–800 nm. The external quantum efficiency and average transmittance of the cell were investigated for the absorber-layer thickness using the finite-difference time-domain method, and it was found that the optical loss in the cell was mainly due to the absorption of the front electrode in the ultra-violet region and free-carrier absorption of the OMO in the infrared region. Fabrication issues are introduced for a 532 nm short-pulse high-power laser patterning process for transparent modules with thin OMO electrodes. Optimization of the laser power for the P2 and P3 laser processes is demonstrated by observing the profiles and measuring the shunt resistance of the laser-patterned edges. Furthermore, the cell width is optimized based on an equivalent circuit model using PSpice simulation. The highest module efficiency and average transparency achieved in the range of 500–800 nm were 5.6% and 15.2%, respectively. The short-circuit current density, fill factor, and open-circuit voltage per cell of the module were found to be 10.8 mA/cm2, 62.7%, and 0.830 V, respectively.
关键词： Laser patterning,Transparent amorphous silicon photovoltaic,Equivalent circuit,Building integrated photovoltaic,Cell geometry,Oxide-metal-oxide electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) - Doha, Qatar (2019.11.19-2019.11.21)] 2019 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) - Optimal Configuration for Building Integrated Photovoltaics System to Mitigate the Partial Shading on Complex Geometric Roofs
摘要： Middle East region has a high capability of adopting Photovoltaics system due to the massive values of irradiation that this region has. Many new building projects being established in the region with roof spaces that can be utilized to install Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) system. However, due to the contemporary, sophisticated geometric design of the roofs in most of the building projects, the curvature of the rooftop creates a big insolation difference due to the partial shading of these rooftops. This paper illustrates the partial shading on the BIPV modules in one of Qatar’s most recent project (Qatar Rail stations) by collecting data from the regional weather station and simulated data by using Building Information Modeling (BIM) for insolation simulation. The modeling of the BIPV system was done in MATLAB/Simulink. Different system configuration layout scenarios for different BIPV insolation were examined to show the behavior of which I-V and P-V characteristics with the highest insolation BIPV array. it is concluded that the system is preferred to be separated in parallel connection to not limit its current components with the smallest insolation value among all BIPV arrays. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm are believed suggestive facilitating for development of BIPV systems—a new domain combined architecture and solar energy integration.
关键词： Shading,Complex Roofs,Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells with a Cross-Linked Hole Transport Layer
摘要： Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PeSCs) have received great attention because of their excellent performance and promising application in areas such as tandem devices and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). Critical across all these applications is achieving both high efficiency and stable photovoltaic performance of such devices. Realizing both of these properties simultaneously has not been possible using device architectures featuring the archetypal doped Spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transport layer (HTL). As such, in this work we explore the use of a solution-processed cross-linked HTL formed from N4,N4′-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4,N4′-bis(4-vinylphenyl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (VNPB) molecules as an alternative to the conventional Spiro-OMeTAD within an FTO/SnO2/C60-SAM/Perovskite/HTL/MoOx/ultra-thin gold/MoOx ST-PeSC device architecture. Through an optimized multi-step thermal treatment process that maximizes charge extraction and reduces recombination from these devices, we can achieve ST-PeSCs that exhibit record power conversion efficiencies for Spiro-OMeTAD-free devices with average visible transmittance values between 10 and 30%. These devices exhibit comparable efficiencies to their Spiro-OMeTAD counterparts, with the additional benefit that the use of the poly-VNPB as the HTL material provides significant improvements in long-term device stability under both continuous illumination and high humidity conditions.
关键词： stability,perovskite solar cells,cross-linked layer,semi-transparent,hole transport layer,building integrated photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Exergoeconomic and Envirnoeconomic Analysis of Building Integrated photovoltaic Thermal (BIPVT) System and its Optimization
摘要： This paper gives an idea about advantage of semitransparent photovoltaic system over opaque system. In an inclined system. Considering different parameters of the cell, room, duct and tedlar effect has been made to increase the overall efficiency of the total system. Thermal Model has been designed and mathematical analysis has been done. Electrical as well as thermal energy calculation has been compared with other system from different outputs of different places. If we compare a normal PV system definitely the hybrid PVT system has an edge over PV as in PVT system we consider thermal energy too. A soft computing technique has been developed to optimize the exergy of the system by varying the velocity and length of channel. For the proposed system, it has found that air at 4.5 m/s and channel length of 0.2083 m gives maximum exergy. A total thermal energy gain of 54716kWh and electrical energy gain of 15838kwh is obtained
关键词： Optimization,Electrical and Thermal Exergy,Energy,Building Integrated PVT (BIPVT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Payback times and multiple midpoint/endpoint impact categories about Building-Integrated Solar Thermal (BIST) collectors
摘要： The purpose of the present article is the evaluation, by means of life cycle assessment, of a system which consists of vacuum-tube solar thermal collectors. The system is appropriate for building integration and it has been developed in France. The methods ReCiPe and USEtox have been adopted. Regarding life-cycle results, according to the scenario “without recycling” and for 30-year system lifespan, ReCiPe payback time was calculated to be 18.14 years based on France's electricity mix whereas by using Spain's electricity mix (hypothetical scenario) it was found to be 4.03 years. Recycling offers a ReCiPe-payback time reduction of 2.66 years based on France's electricity mix and 0.59 years based on Spain's electricity mix. All the studied cases show ReCiPe payback times much lower than an assumed system-lifespan of 30 years. On the basis of ReCiPe midpoint and by considering material manufacturing of the 16 collectors and the additional elements of the system (scenario “without recycling”), among glass-, aluminium-, copper- and steel-based components, the copper-based ones present the highest impact in 15 of the 18 impact categories. For instance, for Freshwater eutrophication, the copper-based elements have a score that is around 30 times higher comparing to that of the aluminium-based ones. The USEtox ?ndings, for the material manufacturing of the 16 collectors and the supplementary elements of the system and for the scenario “without recycling”, reveal that the material with the highest total score in terms of: i) human toxicity/cancer is copper (6.7E?09 CTUh), ii) human toxicity non-cancer is propylene glycol (4.0E?08 CTUh), iii) ecotoxicity is copper (2.06 CTUe). Recycling of the metals, according to USEtox, offers an impact reduction of 20–95%. A discussion about factors that in?uence the environmental pro?le of building-integrated solar systems is also provided.
关键词： Vacuum-tube solar thermal collectors,ReCiPe,Building-Integrated Solar Thermal (BIST) system,Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Study on the Energy Saving Potential for Semi-Transparent PV Window in Southwest China
摘要： To study Semi-Transparent photovoltaic (STPV) windows, experiments were conducted to test the energy potential of STPV window installed in buildings. Two identical rooms were built up as experimental units; one was fitted with amorphous silicon (a-silicon) photovoltaic (PV) windows, and another was fitted with a conventional window. The interactional influence was analyzed among air conditioning energy consumption, lighting energy consumption, and energy generation. It can be concluded that STPV windows could provide 0.26 kWh/per day and save 29% on comprehensive building load on a typical sunny day. In order to further investigate, buildings installed with STPV windows in four typical cities with different climate environments in southwest China were simulated and analyzed. The cooling load of the buildings were all decreased while the heating energy consumption and lighting energy consumption were lightly increased. The energy generation of STPV windows was highest in Lhasa at 402.1 kWh/year. The energy saving potential of STPV windows was predicted with good values; 54% in Kunming.
关键词： electricity consumption,southwest China,building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV),STPV window,energy generation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Storage systems for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) and building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) installations: Environmental profile and other aspects
摘要： In recent years there has been an increasing interest in Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT) systems since they produce clean energy and replace conventional building envelope materials. By taking into account that storage is a key factor in the effective use of renewable energy, the present article is an overview about storage systems which are appropriate for BIPV and BIPVT applications. The literature review shows that there are multiple storage solutions, based on different kinds of materials (batteries, Phase Change Material (PCM) components, etc.). In terms of BIPV and BIPVT with batteries or PCMs or water tanks as storage systems, most of the installations are non-concentrating, fa?ade- or roof-integrated, water- or air-based (in the case of BIPVT) and include silicon-based PV cells, lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries, paraffin- or salt-based PCMs. Regarding parameters that affect the environmental profile of storage systems, in the case of batteries critical factors such as material manufacturing, accidental release of electrolytes, inhalation toxicity, flammable elements, degradation and end-of-life management play a pivotal role. Regarding PCMs, there are some materials that are corrosive and present fire-safety issues as well as high toxicity in terms of human health and ecosystems. Concerning water storage tanks, based on certain studies about tanks with volumes of 300 L and 600 L, their impacts range from 5.9 to 11.7 GJprim and from 0.3 to 1.0 t CO2.eq. Finally, it should be noted that additional storage options such as Trombe walls, pebble beds and nanotechnologies are critically discussed. The contribution of the present article to the existing literature is associated with the fact that it presents a critical review about storage devices in the case of BIPV and BIPVT applications, by placing emphasis on the environmental profile of certain storage materials.
关键词： ecotoxicity,Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT),embodied energy,Human toxicity,Life Cycle Assessment (LCA),CO2 emissions,Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV),Storage materials
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Online extraction of physical parameters of photovoltaic modules in a building-integrated photovoltaic system
摘要： Building-integrated photovoltaic systems are solar photovoltaic modules that are used to replace traditional building construction materials to generate electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules are generally installed on the roofs or facades of buildings and cannot be monitored by conventional methods. This work presents a new online technique for analysing the current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic modules installed on the facades of building-integrated photovoltaic systems. The proposed method, which is based on the modi?ed double-diode model, can extract six physical parameters of the photovoltaic module that rely on the current and voltage at the short-circuit and open-circuit points and at the maximum power point. Unlike the approaches from existing studies, the method proposed in this paper requires only the current at the maximum power point. By measuring the solar irradiance, wind speed and average temperature of the photovoltaic module, the current and voltage at the short-circuit and open-circuit points can be calculated. To study the accuracy of the proposed models, the absolute error and root mean square error of individual photovoltaic modules are examined. The results indicate that the minimum absolute error of the current appears near the maximum power point. Moreover, the proposed simulation of the current-voltage characteristic curves achieves a lower root mean square error value and exhibits a better ability to represent the current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic modules. In addition, methods are used to extract the six parameters of the photovoltaic module, which operates in the building-integrated photovoltaic system. The experimental results show that the prediction of the current-voltage characteristic curves achieves the lowest root mean square error values at the short-circuit and open-circuit points and at the maximum power point. Furthermore, regardless of whether operating in the building-integrated photovoltaic system, the six parameters of the photovoltaic modules with the same initial characteristics extracted via the proposed methods have similar numerical ranges under standard test conditions. Based on these conclusions, the six parameters based on the modi?ed double-diode model are useful and practical for the simulation and evaluation of the current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic module in the building-integrated photovoltaic system.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,Physical parameters,Online extraction,Building-integrated photovoltaic system,Modi?ed double-diode model
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Transparent MoS <sub/>2</sub> /PEDOT Composite Counter Electrodes for Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are solar energy conversion devices with high efficiency and simple fabrication procedures. Developing transparent counter electrode (CE) materials for bifacial DSSCs can address the needs of window-transparent-type building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). Herein, transparent organic?inorganic hybrid composite films of molybdenum disulfide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (MoS2/PEDOT) are prepared to take full advantage of the conductivity and electrocatalytic ability of the two components. MoS2 is synthesized by hydrothermal method and spin-coated to form the MoS2 layer, and then PEDOT films are electrochemically polymerized on top of the MoS2 film to form the composite CEs. The DSSC with the optimized MoS2/PEDOT composite CE shows power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7% under front illumination and 4.82% under back illumination. Compared with the DSSC made by the PEDOT CE and the Pt CE, the DSSC fabricated by the MoS2/PEDOT composite CE improves the PCE by 10.6% and 6.4% for front illumination, respectively. It proves that the transparent MoS2/PEDOT CE owes superior conductivity and catalytic properties, and it is an excellent candidate for bifacial DSSC in the application of BIPVs.
关键词： building-integrated photovoltaics,transparent counter electrode,MoS2/PEDOT composite,bifacial illumination,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59