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Intrinsically stable organic solar cells under high-intensity illumination
摘要： Organic photovoltaic cells are now approaching commercially viable efficiencies, particularly for applications that make use of their unique potential for flexibility and semitransparency1–3. However, their reliability remains a major concern, as even the most stable devices reported so far degrade within only a few years4–8. This has led to the belief that short operational lifetimes are an intrinsic disadvantage of devices that are fabricated using weakly bonded organic materials—an idea that persists despite the rapid growth and acceptance of organic light-emitting devices, which can achieve lifetimes of several million hours9. Here we study an extremely stable class of thermally evaporated single-junction organic photovoltaic cells. We accelerated the ageing process by exposing the packaged cells to white-light illumination intensities of up to 37 Suns. The cells maintained more than 87 per cent of their starting efficiency after exposure for more than 68 days. The degradation rate increases superlinearly with intensity, leading to an extrapolated intrinsic lifetime, T80, of more than 4.9 × 107 hours, where T80 is the time taken for the power conversion efficiency to decrease to 80 per cent of its initial value. This is equivalent to 27,000 years outdoors. Additionally, we subjected a second group of organic photovoltaic cells to 20 Suns of ultraviolet illumination (centred at 365 nanometres) for 848 hours, a dose that would take 1.7 × 104 hours (9.3 years) to accumulate outdoors. No efficiency loss was observed over the duration of the test. Overall, we find that organic solar cells packaged in an inert atmosphere can be extremely stable, which is promising for their future use as a practical energy-generation technology.
关键词： energy-generation technology,stability,organic photovoltaic cells,lifetime,high-intensity illumination
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Laser-Patternable Graphene Field Emitters for Plasma Displays
摘要： This paper presents a plasma display device (PDD) based on laser-induced graphene nanoribbons (LIGNs), which were directly fabricated on polyimide sheets. Superior field electron emission (FEE) characteristics, viz. a low turn-on field of 0.44 V/μm and a large field enhancement factor of 4578, were achieved for the LIGNs. Utilizing LIGNs as a cathode in a PDD showed excellent plasma illumination characteristics with a prolonged plasma lifetime stability. Moreover, the LIGN cathodes were directly laser-patternable. Such superior plasma illumination performance of LIGN-based PDDs has the potential to make a significant impact on display technology.
关键词： plasma illumination,polyimide,field electron emission,laser-induced graphene
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[Advances In Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics] Volume 68 || Collective motion of an atom array under laser illumination
摘要： We develop a theoretical formalism for the study of light-induced motion of atoms trapped in a two-dimensional (2D) array, considering the effect of multiple scattering of light between the atoms. We find that the atomic motion can be described by a collective diffusion equation, wherein laser-induced dipole–dipole forces couple the motion of different atoms. This coupling leads to the formation of collective mechanical modes of the array atoms, whose spatial structure and stability depend on the parameters of the illuminating laser and the geometry of the 2D array. We demonstrate the application of our formalism for the analysis of light-induced heating of the 2D array. The presented approach should be useful for treating the optomechanical properties of recently proposed quantum optical platforms made of atomic arrays.
关键词： laser illumination,dipole–dipole interactions,optomechanics,atom array,collective motion
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Low-frequency Raman spectrophotometer with wide laser illumination on the sample: A tool for pharmaceutical analytical analysis
摘要： This work describes an optical configuration for a Raman spectrophotometer, which permits variation of the laser spot size from 3 to 3000 μm, maintaining a high Raman photons throughput and allowing acquisitions with a short integration time. In addition, the instrument can acquire spectra from the low to middle frequency vibrational range (10 to 2000 cm-1), on the Stokes and anti-Stokes sides. One of the features of this new optical configuration is the non-use of beam splitters to redirect the scattered light to the detector, which would sacrifice the laser power. The quantitative and qualitative analytical performances of the Raman spectrophotometer were evaluated using chemometric models to predict the concentrations of different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in mixtures with polymorphs and excipients, as well as by analysis of an API mixture employing hyperspectral imaging. This new optical configuration was shown to be versatile for pharmaceutical purposes and could be used in applications such as the characterization of new drugs or the quality control of raw materials and processes, using normal Raman measurements or SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering).
关键词： Raman spectrophotometer,instrumentation,wide area illumination,low-frequency,paracetamol
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Plasmonic Nanobubbles in ‘Armored’ Surface Nanodroplets
摘要： Plasmonic nanobubbles are bubbles that are formed from local heat generated by noble metal nanoparticles under illumination of light at resonance. Understanding the formation and behavior of plasmonic nanobubbles is important for a broad suite of applications that rely on enhanced local heating of nanoparticles, such as in biomedical treatments and solar energy conversion. Here, we investigate formation, growth and dissolution of plasmonic bubbles in a model system of oil nanodroplets in water. Gold nanoparticles were located at the surface of nanodroplets immobilized on a substrate. We followed temporal evolution of plasmonic nanobubbles from ~ 200 nm in radius and above. Our experimental results show that there is an upper limit of the bubble size set by hosting droplet size, beyond which the nanobubbles burst. Nanobubbles grew, following the same growth exponent that was reported for a sub-millimeter bubble in contact with a bulk organic solvent. When the laser was switched off, the nanobubbles could remain for several minutes, much longer than the bubbles formed directly in water. The findings from this work may be valuable for light-driven chemical conversion in droplets or photothermal treatments involving immiscible phases.
关键词： bubble growth,Plasmonic nanobubbles,dissolution dynamics,nanodroplets,laser illumination,gold nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The Influence of Solar Illumination on the Sensitivity of Passive Lidar for Reception of The Scattered Laser Radiation
摘要： We solve the problem of determining the power of the received scattered optical radiation from external laser beams, which propagate in the Earth’s atmosphere, by passive lidar in a weakly turbid transparent atmosphere and also determine the lidar operation radius. Under the night conditions without solar illumination, the lidar operation radius can exceed 2300 km when detecting the beams with powers is about 100 kW. In the presence of solar illumination, the operation radius decreases by an order of magnitude. For a small power of the external beam, the experimental and theoretical data are in good agreement, which makes it possible to extrapolate the obtained theoretical results to larger powers of the external beams with allowance for the radiation loss because of the secondary Rayleigh scattering.
关键词： Rayleigh scattering,scattered laser radiation,detection radius,passive lidar,solar illumination
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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21.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Optical Radiation Safety Analysis for Laser Used as Illumination Products
摘要： Illumination products using laser source have plenty of advantages, such as high conversion efficiency, more brightness, wide color gamut, long life and so on. However, due to the high energy density of laser, the optical radiation safety of laser used as illumination products should be studied and analyzed. First of all, the characteristics, advantages of laser used as illumination products are introduced. Then the international and national organizations, such as IEC/TC 76, IEC/TC 108, SAC/TC 284, are surveyed. In addition, standards and the corresponding relations related to laser used as illumination products are reviewed, especially for safety of laser products (IEC 60825) series standards, photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (IEC 62741) series standards, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment–Part 1: Safety requirements (IEC 62368-1:2018), as well as ICNIRP guidelines. Finally, optical radiation safety of some specific illumination products using lasers are discussed.
关键词： optical radiation safety,laser illumination,laser display,laser source
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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<i>De Novo</i> -Designed Near-Infrared Nanoaggregates for Super-Resolution Monitoring of Lysosomes in Cells, in Whole Organoids, and <i>in Vivo</i>
摘要： As the cleaners of cells, lysosomes play an important role in circulating organic matter within cells, recovering damaged organelles, and removing waste via endocytosis. Because lysosome dysfunction is associated with various diseases—lysosomal storage diseases, inherited diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and even shock—it is vital to monitor the movement of lysosomes in cells and in vivo. To that purpose, a method of optical imaging, super-resolution imaging technology (e.g., SIM and STORM), can overcome the limitations of traditional optical imaging and afford a range of possibilities for fluorescence imaging. However, the short wavelength excitation and easy photobleaching of super-resolution fluorescence probes somewhat problematize super-resolution imaging. As described herein, we designed a low-toxicity, photostable, near-infrared small molecule fluorescence probe HD-Br for use in the super-resolution imaging of lysosomes. The interaction of lysosomes and mitochondria was dynamically traced while using the probe’s properties to label the lysosomes. Because the probe has the optimal near-infrared excitation and emission wavelengths, liver organoid 3D imaging and Caenorhabditis elegans imaging were also performed. Altogether, our findings indicate valuable approaches and techniques for super-resolution 3D and in vivo imaging.
关键词： lysosome-targeted,3D organoids imaging,C. elegans imaging,structured illumination microscopy,nanoaggregates
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Opto-Electronics and Applied Optics (Optronix) - Kolkata, India (2019.3.18-2019.3.20)] 2019 International Conference on Opto-Electronics and Applied Optics (Optronix) - Design of High-Performance LED Based Integrating Sphere for Illumination & Communication
摘要： An integrating sphere has been specially designed using multiple white light LEDs mounted on both the inner and outer surfaces of the sphere to create improved uniform illumination inside a computer laboratory room. The LEDs are simultaneously used as optical transmitters of trans-receiver systems for indoor optical wireless communication. More uniformity of light helps to develop better access to wireless communication systems, comfortable movement inside the room and reduced shadowing effect in wireless communication. One integrating sphere fitted with LED arrays divided among outer and the inner surfaces of the sphere is able to create ideal uniformity conditions for illumination and data communication within a volume (3 x 3 x 3) m3 of laboratory space. The system is capable of bidirectional full-duplex communication using IR LEDs as source for uplink and silicon photodiodes as receivers for optical wireless communication links. The theory and the design principles of the integrating sphere and the optical wireless communication link design would be presented.
关键词： integrating sphere,optical communication,wireless communication,uniform illumination,white light LED
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) - Brisbane, QLD (2018.5.21-2018.5.25)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) - Design and Test of an In-Vivo Robotic Camera Integrated with Optimized Illumination System for Single-port Laparoscopic Surgery
摘要： This paper proposes a novel in-vivo robotic laparoscopic camera design with an optimized illumination system, which is a crucial component for achieving high imaging quality. The robotic camera design with three extendable wings can reserve sufficient on-board space to harbor the optimized illumination system without affecting the compactness of the camera. We contribute a freeform optical lens design method and develop three miniature optical lenses for the LEDs to achieve greater than 95% illumination uniformity, greater than 14, 000 lx illuminance on a target plane with a distance of 100 mm, and greater than 89% optical efficiency. The prototype is implemented and experimentally tested, which demonstrates great performance of the in-vivo robotic laparoscopic camera and the significance of the optimized illumination system.
关键词： single-port laparoscopic surgery,freeform optical lens design,in-vivo robotic laparoscopic camera,optimized illumination system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04