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Nondestructive nanofabrication on monocrystalline silicon via site-controlled formation and removal of oxide mask
摘要： A nondestructively patterned silicon substrate serves as an ideal support for forming high-quality optical structures or devices. A new approach was proposed for fabricating site-controlled structures without destruction on a monocrystalline silicon surface via local anodic oxidation (LAO) and two-step postetching. The nondestruction was demonstrated by conductivity detection with conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM), and an almost perfect crystal lattice was observed from the fabricated hillock by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). By programming AFM tip traces for LAO processing, site-controlled nondestructive patterns with di?erent layouts can be produced. This approach provides a new route for realizing nondestructive optical substrates.
关键词： conductive atomic force microscopy,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,local anodic oxidation,nondestructive nanofabrication,monocrystalline silicon
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Generation and distribution of residual stress during nano-grinding of monocrystalline silicon
摘要： Residual stress generated in grinding process of monocrystalline silicon can cause the wafer warpage, and di?culties in subsequent processes such as holding and scribing. It can also lead to the formation of cracks and the occurrence of corrosion, which is harmful for electrical performance of silicon component. In this study, with the method of step-wire wet etching, the phase transformation and distribution of residual stress in ground silicon wafer were examined by confocal laser micro-Raman spectroscopy. As the etching depth going down, the residual stress exhibits in the trends of decreasing of compressive stress and following a scatter distribution of tensile stress. During the nano-grinding processes of monocrystalline silicon, the generation mechanism of residual stress is computed by a series of the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Subsurface damage (SSD) in the form of phase-transformed silicon is observed, and the depth of SSD varies by the depth of cut. The volume shrinkage of phase-transformed silicon is also studied to explain the grinding mechanism and the reason for inducing residual stress of ground silicon. By adopted the Stony theory and volume shrinkage rate of amorphous phase from MD results, a theoretical model is established to determine the trend of compressive stress in subsurface of ground silicon.
关键词： monocrystalline silicon,residual stress,nano-grinding,phase transformation,molecular dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Study of solar irradiance and performance analysis of submerged monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells
摘要： Underwater photovoltaic (PV) systems supported with modern-day technology can lead to possible solutions for the lack of long-term power sources in marine electronics, navy corps, and many other remotely operated underwater power systems. Currently, most of these systems are powered by conventional batteries, which are bulky, costly, and require periodic maintenance and replacement. Harnessing the underwater Solar energy by using Solar PV cells is simple, reliable, and leads to tremendous advantageous as water itself provides cooling, cleaning, and avoid challenges due to land constraints. The present work encompasses an experimental study on Solar radiation in water and its changes with varying water conditions. Accordingly, the performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells with different submerged water conditions and water depths up to 20 cm has been studied. Most importantly, these studies have been carried out with different types of water conditions, consisting of salinity, bacteria, algae, and other water impurities. These investigation results manifest that the percentage decrease of maximum power output in monocrystalline and polycrystalline Solar cells is 65.85% and 62.55%, respectively, in the case of ocean water conditions, whereas in deionized (DI) water conditions, it is 63.06% and 60.72% up to 20 cm. Such results conclude that valuable amount of Solar energy is can be explored underwater. These experimental studies pave the way to explore further to utilize Solar PV cells efficiently in underwater conditions.
关键词： monocrystalline Solar cell,underwater Solar radiation,photovoltaic (PV) technology,PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane),water salinity,polycrystalline Solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Enhancing Photocarrier Bulk Lifetime with Defect Engineering of Polycrystalline Passivated-Contact n-Cz Photovoltaic Devices
摘要： We study the photocarrier lifetime evolution of n-Cz Si material throughout the processing sequence for polycrystalline passivated contact devices. We show that a high temperature annealing pretreatment (known as Tabula Rasa) has a clear effect on enhancing bulk lifetimes of n-Cz Si. We further this development by integrating such defect engineering into the lower-temperature annealing of passivated contact. By applying oxidizing ambient gases during these anneals we report a photocarrier lifetime enhancement over an N2 environment. This enhancement is exhibited in a 1-sun iVOC of 735 mV when annealed in O2 rather than 708 mV in N2.
关键词： monocrystalline silicon,intrinsic point defects,passivation,thermal processing,Czochralski,photocarrier lifetime
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - High-Efficiency Corrugated Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Multi-Directional Flexing Capabilities
摘要： High efficiency, lightweight and low cost flexible solar cells have attracted a growing interest in the last decades due to their increased applications. Here, we show high-efficiency (19%) and large scale (5 × 5 inch wafer) monocrystalline silicon solar cells with multi-directional flexing capabilities. The flexing of rigid solar cells with interdigitated back contacts is achieved using a photolithography-less corrugation technique. Results show that linear patterns enable flexibility in one direction with a minimum bending radius of 5 mm while diamond patterns result in multi-directional flexibility with different minimum bending radii and robust electrical performance.
关键词： monocrystalline silicon,multi-directional flexing,flexible solar cells,corrugation technique,high efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Corrugation Enabled Asymmetrically Ultrastretchable (95%) Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells with High Efficiency (19%)
摘要： Stretchable solar cells are of growing interest due their key role in realizing many applications such as wearables and biomedical devices. Ultrastretchability, high energy-efficiency, biocompatibility, and mechanical resilience are essential characteristics of such energy harvesting devices. Here, the development of wafer-scale monocrystalline silicon solar cells with world-record ultrastretchability (95%) and efficiency (19%) is demonstrated using a laser-patterning based corrugation technique. The demonstrated approach transforms interdigitated back contacts (IBC) based rigid solar cells into mechanically reliable but ultrastretchable cells with negligible degradation in the electric performance in terms of current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. The corrugation method is based on the creation of alternating grooves resulting in silicon islands with different shapes. The stretchability is achieved by orthogonally aligning the active silicon islands to the applied tensile stress and using a biocompatible elastomer (Ecoflex) as a stretchable substrate. The resulting mechanics ensure that the brittle silicon areas do not experience significant mechanical stresses upon asymmetrical stretching. Different patterns are studied including linear, diamond, and triangular patterns, each of which results in a different stretchability and loss of active silicon area. Finally, finite element method based simulation is conducted to study the generated deformation in the different patterned solar cells.
关键词： stretchable electronics,monocrystalline silicon,photovoltaics,interdigitated back contacts,corrugation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI) - Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2019.12.5-2019.12.6)] 2019 International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI) - 2D Heat Distribution Mapping of Monocrystalline Type Photovoltaic Placed in Universitas Budi Luhur Jakarta
摘要： Due to exposure to direct sunlight, rooftop PV panels often from heating. Performance of monocrystalline photovoltaic (MCPV) cell/panel is affected by its thermal properties, therefore, this research aims to measure the performance of MCPV through 2-dimensional heat mapping to determine the most efficient cooling scheme for the PV its most optimum performance. The measurement, mapping, and calculation is conducted on an array of experimental rooftop PV panel installed on a building, heat mapping data is taken from 55 points on PV surface. Measurement result shows that the high temperature of the MCPV panel is around 58,6oC – 64,7oC. Based on the results, the recommendation of temperature sensor placement for the cooling process is located at point 23 and 47 .
关键词： photovoltaic,monocrystalline,Heat mapping,optimization,performance,cooling
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Outdoor Performance of PV Technologies in Simulated Automotive Environments
摘要： GaAs, monocrystalline Si, and multicrystalline Si modules were tested in a configuration designed to simulate car-roof-integrated mounting. The increase in module temperature above ambient was similar for the four Si modules, but less (~76%) for the GaAs modules. Local temperatures within each module were strongly dependent on the optical properties of the back sheet. The lower operating temperature combined with smaller temperature coefficient of the GaAs modules resulted in higher performance ratios for the GaAs modules even for ambient temperature < 25°C. The quantification of the relative performance of the modules in a thermal environment relevant to implementation in vehicles provides information for the selection of PV modules for this emerging application.
关键词： monocrystalline Si,GaAs,performance ratios,module temperature,automotive environments,multicrystalline Si,PV technologies
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The influence of the pyramidal texture uniformity and process optimization on monocrystalline silicon solar cells
摘要： To improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, the influence of the pyramidal texture uniformity on the defects in the monocrystalline silicon cells was analyzed by simulation, and the uniformity of the pyramidal texture was quantitatively characterized with the uniformity coefficient. The texturing process parameters were optimized by fitting and optimizing the uniformity coefficient. In the experiments herein, four groups of textured monocrystalline silicon wafers were obtained by treating them with a 1.2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for four different times. The uniformity coefficient of each monocrystalline silicon wafer group was obtained. By fitting the uniformity coefficient, we obtained the texturing process parameters corresponding to the maximum uniformity coefficient. The experimental results show that the optimized monocrystalline silicon cell achieved a pyramidal texture with a maximum uniformity coefficient. In addition, the reflectivity of the monocrystalline silicon cell reached a minimum value, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency reached a maximum value. The uniformity coefficient can not only effectively quantify the uniformity of the pyramidal texture but also effectively optimize the texturing process parameters to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon cells.
关键词： pyramidal texture uniformity,texturing process optimization,uniformity coefficient,photoelectric conversion efficiency,monocrystalline silicon solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Assessment of power generation performance characteristics using different solar photovoltaic technologies
摘要： Solar energy is a relatively free renewable, clean, green, and environmentally friendly energy resource produced from the sun, using different technologies like solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) modules to generate heat and electricity, respectively. This paper aims to assess and compare the power generation performance characteristics of different solar PV module technologies by simulation, deploying identical input temperature and irradiance parameters. The solar PV designs were simulated using PVsyst Version 6.73 for 26.0 kW annual power and 42.9 MWh/year annual yields using the climate data of Sydney, Australia. The results show that monocrystalline solar technologies needed an area of 163m2, while polycrystalline and thin films needed areas of 173m2 and 260m2 respectively to generate 42.9MWh annual yield. The monocrystalline PV modules are more efficient at solar energy conversion than polycrystalline and thin film technologies, respectively (94.2% and 62.7%). The symmetric semi-toroid dome of sun heights against azimuthal angles show 13 bimodal pyriforms, that cut the azimuths at least twice on each of the optimisation lines. These optimal solution points were visible for every sunlight hour of between 6 and 18 hours (inclusive). They show convex sets of global optima (or local optima) with one minimum in the interval of convexity. Also, each of the minimum points for each of the 13 directed fish-like bimodal pyriforms was on azimuth. However, the assessment of respective PV module characteristics with respect to variation of irradiation and temperature, show that the general results from simulation displayed disparate changes in the voltages and currents of the generated power with respect to different solar PV modules. The proposed semi-toroid model indicates that many optimisation solutions for easier, cheaper, quicker and more efficient power generation are possible with appropriate design. It is recommended that the installation of a single-axis solar tracker or maximum power point tracker could overcome the azimuth angle effect.
关键词： simulation,photovoltaic modules,polycrystalline,monocrystalline,thin film,solar energy,PVsyst,power generation,solar tracker,azimuth angle
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59