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1D Pyrrolidinium Lead Iodide for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Due to the superior environmental stability, the utilization of low-dimensional perovskites in organometal halide solar cells (OMHSCs) has been on the sharp increase. Herein, we report a method to in situ form one-dimensional pyrrolidinium lead iodide (1D PyPbI3) atop the photoactive three-dimensional methylammonium lead iodide (3D MAPbI3) using pyrrolidine post-treatment. As compared to the 3D MAPbI3, the 1D PyPbI3 has a wider bandgap and is more environmentally stable, which serves as a tunnelling contact to mitigate charge carrier recombination and robust barrier against environmental degradation when incorporated into OMHSCs. Accordingly, power conversion efficiencies of the resulting MAPbI3 devices were enhanced from an average of 14.86 ± 0.65% to 15.9 ± 0.58% while shelf-life stability was significantly prolonged.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,one-dimensional perovskite,environmental stability,pyrrolidine,photovoltaic performance,pyrrolidinium lead iodide,charge recombination
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Electron transport material effect on performance of perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3GeI3
摘要： Recently, organic-inorganic perovskite-based solar cells have become promising devices due to their unique proprieties in photovoltaic field. In this scenario, several studies focusing on perovskite solar cells based on Pb-perovskite layer. However, the factor of toxicity and stability of these devices is the main challenge to the progress in commercial production. In this study, a numerical modeling of perovskite solar cells using an alternative candidate which is Germanium as a perovskite material. This later is investigated in order to over- come the toxicity and stability effects on perovskite solar cells, and they exhibit similar photovoltaic perfor- mances as Pb-perovskite solar cells. Therefore, the effect of different kinds of electron transporting layer (ETL) materials on Ge-perovskite solar cell design is studied and investigated to enhance the conversion efficiency of perovskite devices. The obtained simulation results illustrate that perovskite solar cells based on C60 as ETL exhibit 13.5% of power conversion efficiency compared to that with other ETL materials. Thus, inserting C60 in perovskite solar cell design possibly will be considered as novel designing for future Ge-perovskite solar cells. The numerical simulation was performed using 1D-Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (1D- SCAPS).
关键词： 1D- SCAPS,Perovskite solar cell,Ge-based perovskite material,J-V characteristics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhanced Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells by Incorporating Silver Nanowires into the Hole Transport Layer
摘要： In this study, we incorporated silver nanowires (AgNWs) into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transport layer (HTL) for inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The e?ect of AgNW incorporation on the perovskite crystallization, charge transfer, and power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of PVSCs were analyzed and discussed. Compared with neat PEDOT:PSS HTL, incorporation of few AgNWs into PEDOT:PSS can signi?cantly enhance the PCE by 25%. However, the AgNW incorporation may result in performance overestimation due to the lateral charge transfer. The corrosion of AgNWs with a perovskite layer was discussed. Too much AgNW incorporation may lead to defects on the interface between the HTL and the perovskite layer. An extra PEDOT:PSS layer over the pristine PEDOT:PSS-AgNW layer can prevent AgNWs from corrosion by iodide ions.
关键词： PEDOT:PSS,inverted perovskite solar cell,hole transport layer,silver nanowire
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Highly efficient perovskite solar cell utilizing a solution-processable tetrabenzoporphyrin hole transport material with p-type dopants
摘要： We demonstrate an efficient hole transporting material (HTM), soluble non-peripherally substituted octahexyl tetrabenzoporphyrin (C6TBPH2), for perovskite solar cells and determine the role of p-type dopants in improving the photovoltaic performance of devices utilizing this C6TBPH2 HTM. By adding p-type dopants, the fill factor and short-circuit current density under a reverse bias scan are improved from 0.20 ± 0.02 to 0.66 ± 0.03 and from 15 ± 2 to 20.8 ± 0.1 mA cm?2, respectively, due to formation of oxidized C6TBPH2 radical cations. Hence, the devices utilizing C6TBPH2 HTM achieve power conversion efficiencies of 15.2%, which are comparable with devices utilizing commercial HTMs fabricated under similar conditions.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,hole transport material,tetrabenzoporphyrin,photovoltaic performance,p-type dopants
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low‐temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO3/Compact SnO2 Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSC) which have exceeded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25% are mainly demonstrated by using SnO2 or TiO2 as electron-transporting layers (ETLs). However, high-performance planar PSCs need precise process, which is difficult for large-scale production. Mesoporous structure shows better operability but with high-temperature process. Besides, as the most used mesoporous materials, the strong photocatalytic effect of TiO2 significantly limits the practical stability of PSCs under illumination (including ultraviolet light). Here we propose Zinc Titanate (ZnTiO3, ZTO) as mesoporous ETLs due to its weak photo-effect, excellent carrier extraction and transfer properties. Uniform mesoporous films were obtained by spinning coating the ZTO ink and annealed below 150°C. Photovoltaic devices based on Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite sandwiched between SnO2-mesorporous ZTO electrode and Spiro-OMeTAD layer achieved the PCE of 20.5%. The PSCs retained more than 95% of their original efficiency after 100 days lifetime test without being encapsulated. Additionally, the PSCs retained over 95% of the initial performance when subjected at the maximum power point voltage for 120 h under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2), demonstrating superior working stability. The application of ZTO provides a better choice for ETLs of PSCs. Moreover, the low temperature deposition method of inorganic ETL furnishes a way of low power consumption, large-scale and flexible preparation of PSCs.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,mesoporous ETL,photostability,ZTO,low-temperature
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Modulating Crystallization in Semitransparent Perovskite Films Using Submicrometer Spongelike Polymer Colloid Particles to Improve Solar Cell Performance
摘要： Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have excellent potential for solar window applications. A major challenge exists, however, in achieving uniform coverage for thin perovskite films. Unfortunately, uncontrolled pinhole formation is a common problem for such films that obstructs development, especially for large area devices. In this study, we used very small (submicrometer) swellable polymer colloid particles (microgels) as additives to prepare uniform thin CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite films. Microgels (MGs) are good film-formers and promoted formation of semitransparent (ST) perovskite films with improved coverage. The MGs act as colloidal sponges and delayed release of perovskite precursors, thereby delaying perovskite crystallization. The ST films prepared using MGs had fewer pinholes compared to the MG-free control films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed evidence of Pb coordination by the MGs and they were shown to passivate MAPI. Remarkably, the submicrometer MGs used in this study decreased light scattering for the ST films. Planar devices constructed using a 10 nm ST film with an average visible transmittance of 46.8% gave an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.69%, which compares favorably to literature values. The average PCE increased to 9.62% upon inclusion of a thin meso-TiO2 layer. These PCE values are significantly higher than that achieved for the MG-free ST control (4.93%). The MGs and approaches used here are scalable and should apply to other ST perovskite films, solar cells, and, potentially, tandem devices.
关键词： Perovskite solar cell,semitransparent,crystallization,average visible transmittance,microgel
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Impact of Temperature Dependent Hydration Water on Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Water effect on perovskite solar cells has received growing interest in recent years. A widely accepted view is that moderate water content induces the formation of hydrate phase which enhances the recrystallization of the perovskite. However, the underlying factors which influence the formation of hydrate phase have yet to be investigated. Herein, by controlling the annealing temperature, it is demonstrated that 60 ℃ is the most suitable temperature for the formation of hydrated perovskite. After further annealing at 120 ℃, the resulting perovskite film reveals enhanced crystallinity with a more uniform morphology, contributing to device efficiency above 20%. In addition, the water effect on different types of perovskites is studied and it is concluded that the formation of hydrated perovskite is mainly determined by the cations of the perovskite itself. The findings in this work elucidate the conditions for the formation of hydrated perovskite, contributing to the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
关键词： annealing temperature,perovskite solar cell,cation,water effect
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Two-Step Annealing of NiO Enhances the NiO –Perovskite Interface for High-Performance Ambient-Stable p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, we applied two-step annealing to nickel oxide (NiOx) films that we then used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized annealing process resulted in a change in the structure and chemical composition of the NiOx, leading to a change in the work function and improved conductivity for NiOx-coated ITO substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that a change in the Ni2+/Ni3+ ratio of NiO (Ni 2p at 854.0 eV) and the presence of Ni3+ species induced by vacancies in Ni2O3 (Ni 2p at 855.6 eV) and NiOOH (Ni 2p at 856.7 eV) were responsible for the enhanced conductivity of the two-step-annealed NiOx films. The modified NiOx served as an efficient hole transporting layer, enhancing the PL quenching behavior at the perovskite–NiOx interface. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements provided evidence for efficient carrier extraction. These improvements led to increases in the fill factors and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of corresponding PSC devices. The champion device displayed a PCE of 19.04%—a value comparable with those of state-of-the-art NiOx-based PSCs. Furthermore, the devices possessed excellent air-stability, retaining 97% of their PCEs after storage in air for over 672 h (at 25 °C, with a humidity of 40%).
关键词： power conversion efficiency,Perovskite solar cell,nickel oxide,hysteresis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Interfacial Modification and Defect Passivation by Crosslinking Interlayer for Efficient and Stable CuSCN-Based Perovskite Solar Cell
摘要： Study of the inorganic hole-transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cell (PSC) is gathering attention due to the drawback of conventional PSC design, where the organic HTL with salt dopants majorly participates in the degradation mechanisms. On the other hand, inorganic HTL secures better stability, while it offers difficulties in the deposition and interfacial control to realize high-performing devices. In this study, we demonstrate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an ideal polymeric interlayer which prevents the interfacial degradation, and improves both photovoltaic performance and stability of CuSCN-based PSC by its crosslinking behavior. Surprisingly, the PDMS polymers are identified to form chemical bonds with perovskite and CuSCN, as shown by Raman spectroscopy. This novel crosslinking interlayer of PDMS enhances the hole-transporting property at the interface and passivates the interfacial defects, realizing the PSC with high power-conversion efficiency over 19%. Furthermore, the utilization of PDMS interlayer greatly improves the stability of solar cells against both humidity and heat, by mitigating the interfacial defects and interdiffusion. The PDMS-interlayered PSCs retained over 90% of the initial efficiencies, both after 1000 h under ambient condition (unencapsulated) and after 500 h under 85°C/85% relative humidity (encapsulated).
关键词： Crosslinking Interlayer,Inorganic Hole-Transport Layer,Defect Passivation,Stability,Perovskite Solar Cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Polymeric, Cost-Effective, Dopant-Free, Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have skyrocketed in the last decade to an unprecedented level due to its outstanding photoelectric properties and facile processability. However, the utilization of expensive hole transport materials (HTMs) and the inevitable instability instigated by the deliquescent dopants represent major concerns hindering further commercialization. Here, a series of low cost, conjugated polymers are designed and applied as dopant free HTMs in PSCs, featuring tuned energy levels, good temperature and humidity resistivity, and excellent photoelectric properties. Further studies highlight the critical and multifaceted roles of the polymers with respect to facilitating charge separation, passivating the surface trap sites of perovskite materials, and guaranteeing long-term stability of the devices. A stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.3% and remarkably enhanced device longevity are achieved using the dopant free P3 with a low concentration of 5 mg/mL, qualifying the devices as one of the best PSC systems constructed based on dopant-free HTMs so far. In addition, the flexible PSCs made based on P3 also exhibit a PCE of 16.2%. This work demonstrates a promising route towards commercially viable, stable and efficient PSCs.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,good stability,conjugated polymer,dopant free,hole transport material
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04