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Potential energy saving in urban and rural households of Mexico with solar photovoltaic systems using geographical information system
摘要： The worldwide development of photovoltaic technology has achieved economic maturity, which currently suggests that it can be implemented on a large scale in developing countries. Mexico is a privileged country in terms of its solar resource availability. However, it also has tremendous challenges, which it must encounter in the medium term to promote pollution emission reduction and support strategies contributing to sustainable development. Therefore, in this study, we verified the state-of-the-art implementation of an interconnected photovoltaic system network and reviewed the current legislation for photovoltaic energy in Mexico. Besides, we performed an energy savings analysis for solar photovoltaic technology implementation on a large scale in urban and rural homes in Mexico by using the Geographic Information System. The results showed potential for energy savings with the use of an interconnected photovoltaic system network at a large-scale. Based on the information processed through 187,719 urban and 4,525 rural locations, it could be inferred that in Mexico, each household needs four photovoltaic panels on average to satisfy its energy requirements. Thus, even with implementation in homes alone, the country could achieve energy savings of an estimated 39,750 GWh, equivalent to 20.27 Tg of CO2 avoided emissions, i.e., 3% of the annual national emissions.
关键词： Solar potential,Households,Photovoltaic systems,Geographic information system,Mexico
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Checking the new IEC 61853.1-4 with high quality 3rd party data to benchmark its practical relevance in energy yield prediction
摘要： IEC 61853 1-4 [1-4] (International Electrotechnical Commission) define measurements, procedures and equations intended to characterise PV module performance against weather parameters (irradiance, temperature, windspeed, angle of incidence, spectrum) to enable energy rating predictions from reference climate data. Gantner Instruments (GI) have been making high quality IV measurements with a wide variety of module technologies (c-Si; HIT; ABC; thin film) at Outdoor Test Facilities (OTF) worldwide including a site in Arizona which has been continuously measured since 2010 [5]. The IEC 61853 equations are being checked against the GI measurements and models such as the Mechanistic Performance Model/Loss Factors Model (MPM/LFM) [6] for example performance matrices vs. irradiance and temperature.
关键词： photovoltaic systems,energy,simulation,modeling,power,degradation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Knowledge-Based Sensors for Controlling A High-Concentration Photovoltaic Tracker
摘要： To reduce the cost of generated electrical energy, high-concentration photovoltaic systems have been proposed to reduce the amount of semiconductor material needed by concentrating sunlight using lenses and mirrors. Due to the concentration of energy, the use of tracker or pointing systems is necessary in order to obtain the desired amount of electrical energy. However, a high degree of inaccuracy and imprecision is observed in the real installation of concentration photovoltaic systems. The main objective of this work is to design a knowledge-based controller for a high-concentration photovoltaic system (HCPV) tracker. The methodology proposed consists of using fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) and to implement the controller in a real system by means of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. FRBS have demonstrated correct adaptation to problems having a high degree of inaccuracy and uncertainty, and IoT technology allows use of constrained resource devices, cloud computer architecture, and a platform to store and monitor the data obtained. As a result, two knowledge-based controllers are presented in this paper: the first based on a pointing device and the second based on the measure of the electrical current generated, which showed the best performance in the experiments carried out. New factors that increase imprecision and uncertainty in HCPV solar tracker installations are presented in the experiments carried out in the real installation.
关键词： sun tracker,high-concentration photovoltaic systems,knowledge-based sensor,Internet of Things
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The Application of Photovoltaic Systems in Sacred Buildings for the Purpose of Electric Power Production: The Case Study of the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade
摘要： In light of climate changes, technological development and the use of renewable energy sources are considered very important nowadays, both in newly designed structures and reconstructed historic buildings, resulting in the reduction in the commercial energy consumption and CO2 environmental emissions. This paper explores the possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of sacred heritage buildings by utilizing photovoltaic systems. As an exceptionally significant cultural good, the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in Belgrade shall serve as a case study, with the aim of examining the methods of mounting photovoltaic (PV) panels, taking into account the fact that the authenticity and the aesthetic value of this cultural monument must remain intact. A comparative analysis of the two options for installing PV panels on the southwestern roof of the church was performed using simulations in PVgis and PVsist V6.84 software, with the aim of establishing the most efficient option in terms of power generation. The simulation results show that photovoltaic panels can produce 151,650 kWh (Option 1) and 150,894 kWh (Option 2) per year, while the required amount of energy is 42,726 kWh. The electricity produced exceeds the electricity requirements for the decorative lighting of the Cathedral Church, so it can be used for other purposes in the sacred complex.
关键词： photovoltaic systems,solar energy,the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel,sacred architecture,heritage structures,Belgrade
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Testing guidelines for connection of solar photovoltaic farm to distribution grid: The Malaysian experience
摘要： Solar photovoltaic technology is intermittent in nature and employs power converters for grid-interconnection, which can bring stability and power quality (PQ) issues to the power grid. Therefore, a set of testing guidelines is required to assure that solar plants comply with the grid and inverter requirements. As such, this article presents comprehensive testing guidelines for the interconnection of solar systems into Malaysian power grid, including inverter and PQ tests. The test points, conditions, parameters and acceptable limits for both tests are discussed in detail. This article also presents the results of a case study in which the testing guidelines were applied to examine the PQ of an actual grid-connected solar photovoltaic plant in Malaysia and to assess the performance of the smart inverter used in the tested solar system. The testing outcomes, which were recorded by a PQ analyser, showed that the tested solar system was in compliance with all the requirements stipulated in the testing guidelines. The findings presented in this article will help relevant parties to understand these solar testing guidelines and serve to promote the wide deployment of solar technology towards a clean and sustainable future.
关键词： testing guidelines,photovoltaic systems,power quality,renewable energy sources,inverters
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Photovoltaics and Wind || Design of Photovoltaic Systems
摘要： This chapter is an anomaly in that the processes it treats are not primarily thermal in nature. However, the equations that are encountered in design of many photovoltaic (PV) systems are very similar to those describing passive heating processes, and design methods based on utilizability concepts have been developed that are analogous to those in Chapter 22 for passive heating. Radiation calculations developed for thermal processes are directly applicable to PV converters. This chapter includes a brief description of PV converters (solar cells), models that describe their electrical and thermal characteristics, a short treatment of models of batteries and other components in the systems, and notes on applications. These serve as introductions to the design method and to comments on simulation of PV systems.
关键词： photovoltaic systems,PV converters,design methods,battery models,solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - A Monitoring and Management System for Medium-Scale Photovoltaic Plants
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) energy use is growing fast all over the world, due to new policies to reduce the application of fossil fuels. However, for achieving higher ef?ciency in the Renewable Power Plants (RPP), some Monitoring and Management System (MMS) are required, aiming to ?nd the optimal operating conditions for the system. The main goal of a monitoring system is to evaluate the RPP’s performance, throughout its operating time. In the same way, a management system aims to administrate and act over the system, in order to maximize its performance. In this scenario, the main objective of this paper is the proposition of one MMS, which focuses speci?cally on micro-generation (medium-scale), creating the possibility for ?nal users and for Electric Utility Companies monitoring and operating plant parameters. In order to achieve that, electrical and environmental variables are monitored and computationally analyzed, producing instantaneous and historical data, allowing to estimate the plant ef?ciency and some actions over the plant’s parameters, such as the power factor through the power inverter. We present the initial results of this MMS including a detailed description of each stage of the system, calibration procedures and a short-period monitoring, showing the feasibility of the proposal in a reduced PV plant of 5kW.
关键词： Monitoring and Management Systems,Renewable Energy,Photovoltaic Systems
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Real options valuation of photovoltaic power investments in existing buildings
摘要： Renewable power generation based on solar energy is deemed to be a key instrument to reduce the carbon footprint of modern economies. Collectively, buildings are an energy-intensive consumption sector. Therefore, existing building rooftops are seen as a target for massively deploying photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation. Nevertheless, estimating the benefits and risks of investing in rooftop PV systems is indeed a challenging task due to the large uncertainties that affect tariffs, technology costs, and regulatory policy. After reviewing the literature and identifying the current gaps, this article develops a method based on Real Options theory for appraising investments in PV generation systems to be installed on the rooftop of existing buildings. The option value of differing the investment decision and the problem of the optimal time to invest in irreversible PV assets are addressed by an advanced valuation method based on stochastic simulation, linear regression, and backward dynamic programming. In this work, returns of self-generation PV investments are subjected to uncertainties upon declining investment costs and fluctuating electricity tariffs, which are represented by appropriate exogenous stochastic processes. In order to test the practicability of the proposed decision-making framework, the valuation of an exemplary rooftop PV-system in a government building is considered. Results show that while standard appraisal methods wrongly reject the rooftop PV project now and in the future, the option valuation method finds optimal to hold the opportunity open in order to reconsider to invest later. In addition, the method provides an objective value of the opportunity cost of using the building rooftop for another purpose. The proposed valuation approach would result in better investment allocation and faster development of distributed PV power capacity contributing thereby to enhance the sustainability of current energy systems.
关键词： Solar generation economics,Photovoltaic systems,Rooftop PV-Systems,Cost benefit analysis,Decision-making
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST) - Porto, Portugal (2019.9.9-2019.9.11)] 2019 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST) - Comparison of Swarm Optimization Methods for MPPT in Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Systems
摘要： The use of solar energy for electricity grows mainly due to environmental issues. However, several challenges arise for researchers, such as improving the efficiency of photovoltaic systems in shading situations. In this opportunity, several algorithms attempt to search for the point of maximum power in a photovoltaic system, among them the artificial intelligence algorithms. Thus, this paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence in maximum power tracking techniques for partially shaded systems. A review of different methods is done and performed simulations. As a highlight, the particle swarm optimization was the fastest algorithm and the most accurate was artificial bee colony. Therefore, the tested algorithms obtained good efficiency, being the role of the designer to choose the most suitable for each system.
关键词： MPPT,Photovoltaic,Photovoltaic systems,Artificial intelligence,Shading
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Increasing electric vehicle hosting capacity and equality for fast charging stations using residential photovoltaics in medium‐ and low‐voltage distribution networks
摘要： To achieve broad installation of electric vehicles (EVs), it is important to deploy fast EV charging stations at many points without distribution network reinforcement. This study develops a methodology for evaluating the hosting capacity for fast EV charging loads under medium- and low-voltage (MV and LV) distribution networks with bus-voltage and line-current constraints; hence, the promising combination of fast EV charging and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation in distribution networks is analyzed. In particular, on a sunny day, the active power output supplied by rooftop PVs can be used to mitigate the voltage drop problem for end-use residential customers. On a cloudy day, even though the active power output is smaller, the residual inverter capacities of rooftop PVs can be used to generate reactive power from those systems. In addition, in order to evaluate the spatial equalization of the EV hosting capacity at fast charging stations, an equalization factor of the spatial distribution is proposed, which is obtained as a percentage of the EV hosting capacity in the equally maximized case over that in the simply maximized case. The equalization factor can be improved from approximately 33 to 70% using the active and reactive power outputs from residential rooftop PVs.
关键词： distribution network,photovoltaic systems,distributed generations,load flow calculation,fast charging station,electric vehicles
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22