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Highly Hydrophobic Conducting Nanocomposites Based on a Fluoropolymer with Carbon Nanotubes
摘要： A procedure was suggested for preparing highly hydrophobic conducting coatings based on fluoropolymers with carbon nanotubes of two types: Taunit-MD and carbon nanotubes functionalized with alkyl groups. The surface resistance, contact angle, sliding angle, and surface roughness were measured; structural features of the nanocomposites were studied. The properties of the coatings obtained depend on the concentration and type of the carbon nanotubes used. Introduction of functionalized carbon nanotubes into a fluoropolymer matrix allows preparation of coatings with higher values of the sliding angle and electrical resistance. The contact angle and sliding angle depend on the surface roughness and structure in different fashions.
关键词： carbon nanotubes,electrical conductivity,surface roughness,hydrophobicity,nanocomposites
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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White light interferometry and MountainsMap? - case studies in static load capacity of bearings and surface finish optimisation of orthotic knee joints
摘要： This paper deals with two case studies demonstrating the combined use of white light interferometry and MountainsMap? software to: 1) accurately measure indentation diameters on race elements with an accuracy of a 1/100th of a micrometer and to examine static load capacity of bearings compared to the industry standard. In this case study, static load capacity of the ball bearings was shown to be 31% lower than that specified by ISO and ANSI/ABMA bearing standards; 2) characterise machined surfaces with 2D and 3D parameters, with the goal of producing optimal surface finish on orthotic knee joints used by Cerebral Palsy patients. In this case study, 2D roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rp, Rz, and 3D roughness parameters Sa, Sq, Sp, Sz, were improved by 34%, 31%, 8%, 20%, and 36%, 33%, 6%, 6% respectively. Both case studies demonstrate the significance of modern topography techniques in enhancing the measurement accuracy of surface characteristics.
关键词： robust design,MountainsMap?,surface roughness,signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio,interferometry,WLI,static load capacity,white light,ball bearing indentations
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Backbone Degradable Poly(aryl acetal) Photoresist Polymers: Synthesis, Acid Sensitivity, and Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Performance
摘要： A new class of acid labile poly(aryl acetal) polymers has been developed that can be used in photoresist formulations for next-generation microlithography techniques including extreme ultraviolet (EUV) or electron beam lithography. Example polymers have been synthesized by an optimized Suzuki polycondensation protocol. They are soluble in common photoresist solvents but are insoluble in water or aqueous bases that are used to develop positive photoresists. The structural design includes further elements that are aimed at improving photoresist resolution, stability, and etch resistance. Upon acid exposure, the acetal linkages are cleaved, and the polymers degrade into phenolic terphenyl fragments, which are readily soluble in a photoresist developer. Polymer degradation has been studied by NMR and LC-MS. Lithographic formulations have been developed and tested in line-and-space patterning experiments using EUV photolithography. Optimized resist formulations achieved 22 nm resolution with line width roughness values of 5.7 nm.
关键词： poly(aryl acetal),resolution,EUV lithography,acid degradation,photoresist,line width roughness,Suzuki polycondensation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Efficient method to calculate the optical quantities of multi-layer systems with randomly rough boundaries using the Rayleigh-Rice theory
摘要： An efficient and numerically stable method for calculating the optical quantities of multi-layer systems with slightly rough boundaries using the second order Rayleigh–Rice theory is developed. It is assumed that the mean planes of the boundaries are parallel and all the media forming the system are nonmagnetic, isotropic and homogeneous. The perturbation series is formulated using the four-dimensional formalism inspired by the Yeh matrix formalism, but the final result is written using the two-dimensional formalism which is more efficient for the numerical calculations. The final formulae, which are expressed using an arbitrary power spectral density function, include the mixing between the p and s polarizations occurring for anisotropic roughness. Although in the general case the calculation of optical quantities requires evaluation of double integrals, it is shown that for the power spectral density function given by the isotropic Gaussian function some integrals can be calculated analytically and only single integrals have to be evaluated numerically. The random roughness of boundaries is a defect that occurs frequently in practice, and it must be taken into account in the optical characterization and synthesis of thin film systems exhibiting this defect. The presented method is suitable for these purposes, since both of the mentioned applications require methods that are very fast.
关键词： multi-layer systems,optical quantities,Rayleigh–Rice theory,random boundary roughness
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Modeling and multiresponse optimization of cutting parameters in SPDT of a rigid contact lens polymer using RSM and desirability function
摘要： Amidst different conventional contact lens manufacturing techniques, single-point diamond turning (SPDT) is one of the recently developed ultra-high precision machining techniques employed in the fabrication of advanced contact lenses due to its capability of producing high optical surfaces of complex shapes and nanometric accuracy. SPDT is regarded as an effective process for the generation of high-quality functional surfaces in optical industries. However, despite advances in the ultra-high precision machining, it is not always easy to achieve a high-quality surface finish with maximum productivity. Machining parameters, namely cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, play the lead role in determining the machine economics and quality of machining. The present study focuses on the determination of the optimum cutting conditions leading to minimum surface roughness as well as electrostatic charge and maximum productivity, in SPDT of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) contact lens polymer using monocrystalline diamond cutting tool. The optimization is based on the response surface methodology (RSM) together with the desirability function approach. In addition, a mathematical model is developed for surface roughness (Ra), electrostatic charge (ESC), and material removal rate (MRR) using RSM regression analysis for a rigid contact lens polymer by the Design-Expert software. RSM allowed the optimization of the cutting conditions for minimal surface roughness, electrostatic charge, and maximal material removal rate which provides an effective knowledge base for process parameters, to make its enhancement of process performance in SPDT of contact lens polymer.
关键词： Electrostatic charge,Response surface methodology,Material removal rate,Surface roughness and optimization,PMMA contact lens polymer,Single-point diamond turning
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Experimental Optimization of Annular Polishing Parameters for Silicon Carbide
摘要： Machined surface quality has a strong impact on the functionality of silicon carbide-based components and devices. In the present work, we ?rst analytically investigate the complex coupling of motions in annular polishing based on the Preston equation, which derives the in?uential parameters for material removal. Subsequently, we conduct systematic annular polishing experiments of reaction-bonded silicon carbide to investigate the in?uence of derived parameters on polished surface quality, which yield optimized polishing parameters for achieving ultralow surface roughness of reaction-bonded silicon carbide.
关键词： silicon carbide,polishing parameters,annular polishing,Preston equation,surface roughness
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 25th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC) - Lecco, Italy (2019.9.25-2019.9.27)] 2019 25th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC) - Luminaire Digital Design Flow with Delphi4LED LEDs Multi-Domain Compact Model
摘要： A novel technique for parameterizing surface roughness in coastal inundation models using airborne laser scanning (lidar) data is presented. Two important parameters to coastal overland flow dynamics, Manning’s n (bottom friction) and effective aerodynamic roughness length (wind speed reduction), are computed based on a random forest (RM) regression model trained using field measurements from 24 sites in Florida fused with georegistered lidar point cloud data. The lidar point cloud for each test site is separated into ground and nonground classes and the z-dimensional (height or elevation) variance from the least squares regression plane is computed, along with the height of the nonground regression plane. These statistics serve as the predictor variables in the parameterization model. The model is then tested using a bootstrap subsampling procedure consisting of removal without replacement of one record and using the surviving records to train the model and predict the surface roughness parameter of the removed record. When compared with the industry standard technique of assigning surface roughness parameters based on published land use/land cover type, the RM regression models reduce the parameterization error by 93% (0.086–0.006) and 53% (1.299–0.610 m) for Manning’s n and effective aerodynamic roughness length, respectively. These improvements will improve water level and velocity predictions in coastal models.
关键词： lidar,Manning’s n,random forest (RM),land cover,Aerodynamic roughness
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Surface roughness and densification correlation for direct metal laser sintering
摘要： The increasing use of metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), requires an in-depth understanding of how the optimum DMLS process parameters can be determined to achieve the target properties, such as reduced defect densities and/or desired surface characteristics. To this end, it is important to develop simple strategies that assess part quality and are fast and cost-effective. In this study, the in-plane surface roughness of components fabricated with AM is correlated with the DMLS process parameters and fractional density, enabling rapid and accurate indirect determination of the fractional density of AM components through surface roughness measurements. To this end, two sets of DMLS process parameters and a geometrical parameter are utilized to fabricate more than 150 rectangular cubic samples with varying parameters. All the samples are fabricated using Ti-6Al-4 V powder, which is a frequently used metal alloy for DMLS. Second, two line roughness parameters are defined and measured for all the samples, and their correlations with the DMLS and geometrical parameters are reported. Third, the fractional densities of all the samples are measured and their correlations with the DMLS process parameters are demonstrated. Lastly, a thorough analysis of the observed correlations between the line roughness parameters and fractional density are discussed.
关键词： Ti-6Al-4 V,Surface roughness,Densification,Process parameters,Metal additive manufacturing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Powerful topographic analyzing technique using Fast Fourier Transform for c-Si solar cells and emerging technologies
摘要： Light management of a solar cell can be enhanced by improving Jsc with proper texturing. Topographic images obtained by confocal laser microscopy or AFM are used to study the roughness of textured surfaces. Fast Fourier Transform is employed to separate and select spatial frequencies, which will be analyzed through MountainsMap?. Various kind of samples can be studied such as textured c-Si solar cells or even tandem devices made of perovskite grains evaporated on Si pyramids. The structural, morphological and geometrical results can be extracted in a fast, automatic and repeatable way with a good throughput to enable statistical analysis.
关键词： spatial frequencies,FFT,roughness,silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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CFRP laser texturing to increase the adhesive bonding: morphological analysis of treated surfaces
摘要： Surface roughness of the adherends represents an important factor for manufacturing a reliable bonded joint in structural applications. In case of bonding of parts in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), an increase of roughness parameters can be obtained with various techniques. In this paper, the morphology obtained from a CO2 laser texturing on CFRP laminates were investigated. CFRP laminates were manufactured and subjected to laser texturing with various densities. In particular, the densities of treatment have been defined as a function of the grid dimensions of the texture. Subsequently, non-contact measurements were carried out to evaluate the evolution of the surface roughness parameters as a function of the density of the laser treatment. Results showed a strong correlation between surface roughness and density of treatment. In conclusion, these results were compared with experimental tests, which showed that the mechanical performance for ENF bonded joints was limited only by the flexural mechanical resistance of the CFRP adherends. As a result of this work, the developed laser texturing approach is potentially able to increase the mechanical resistance in the function of the real local load acting on the complex bonded joint, optimizing time and cost process.
关键词： surface modification,surface roughness/morphology,Composites,adhesion by mechanical interlocking
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01