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Maze-Like Halide Perovskite Films for Efficient Electron Transport Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without an electron transport layer (ETL) exhibit fascinating advantages such as simplified configuration, low cost, and facile fabrication process. However, the performance of ETL-free PSCs has been hampered by severe charge carrier recombination induced either by current leakage (insufficient perovskite film coverage) or inferior charge extraction. Herein, an additive-assisted morphological engineering strategy is used to construct an intriguing bilayer perovskite film featuring a dense bottom layer and a maze-like top layer. Such maze-like perovskite films enable the construction of ETL-free PSCs with a PCE of 18.5% and negligible hysteresis, which can be attributed to the higher crystallinity and superior light-harvesting capability of the resultant perovskite film, as well as facilitated hole extraction at the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite interface. This work provides a simple approach to modify the perovskite film morphology and demonstrates the correlation between facilitated charge-carrier extraction and high-performance ETL-free perovskite photovoltaics.
关键词： light harvesting,morphological engineering,additives,perovskite solar cells,charge extraction
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Photovoltaic parameters and stability study of HTM-free mixed-cation perovskite solar cells by incorporating additives to absorbing layers
摘要： In this study, quick route-coating is practiced to substitute methyl ammonium (MA) cation with formamidinium (FA) at different ratios. Through optimizing the MA:FA ratio, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.31% is achieved for holes transporting material-free MA0.8FA0.2PbI3 mixed PSCs with the JSC of 19.02 mA/cm2, VOC of 0.859 V and FF of 50.88%. Then, to improve the performance, stability and carrier transport dynamic, various additives (PVA, PVP, PEG and EC) are incorporated into the perovskite layer. The treatment of perovskites with additives has proved to cause significant changes in the surface roughness, charge accumulation, charge transport, charge transport resistance, photovoltaic performance and cell stability. PCE of the PSCs mixed with PVA, PVP, EC and PEG optimally reaches 12.76%, 11.28%, 10.38% and 8.92%, respectively. Among the additives, EC and PVP provide better stability owing to the excellent interaction between the functional group of the additives and the perovskite. Surface modification and charge transport also occur better with those two additives.
关键词： Charge transport,Perovskite solar cells,Stability,Additives,Photovoltaic performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Tackling Performance Challenges in Organic Photovoltaics: An Overview about Compatibilizers
摘要： Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) based on Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) blends are a mature technology. Having started their intensive development two decades ago, their low cost, processability and flexibility rapidly funneled the interest of the scientific community, searching for new solutions to expand solar photovoltaics market and promote sustainable development. However, their robust implementation is hampered by some issues, concerning the choice of the donor/acceptor materials, the device thermal/photo-stability, and, last but not least, their morphology. Indeed, the morphological profile of BHJs has a strong impact over charge generation, collection, and recombination processes; control over nano/microstructural morphology would be desirable, aiming at finely tuning the device performance and overcoming those previously mentioned critical issues. The employ of compatibilizers has emerged as a promising, economically sustainable, and widely applicable approach for the donor/acceptor interface (D/A-I) optimization. Thus, improvements in the global performance of the devices can be achieved without making use of more complex architectures. Even though several materials have been deeply documented and reported as effective compatibilizing agents, scientific reports are quite fragmentary. Here we would like to offer a panoramic overview of the literature on compatibilizers, focusing on the progression documented in the last decade.
关键词： mixing interfaces,additives,bulk heterojunction,morphology modulators,donor/acceptor interface,organic photovoltaics,compatibilizers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of solvent additives on the morphology and transport property of a perylene diimide dimer film in perovskite solar cells for improved performance
摘要： Perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) are a kind of very promising non-fullerene electron transport material for organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PerSCs), owing to their excellent photoelectric properties and low-cost synthesis. However, their tendency to form aggregates strongly influences the film morphology and transport properties. Herein, we provided a simple way to tune the morphology and transport properties of PDIs by solvent additive engineering. A series of solvent additives (1,8-diiodooctane, 1-chloronaphthalene, 1-phenylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene) was investigated for their role in the morphology and transport property of PDI dimer (Bis-PDI-T-EG) film as well as on the photovoltaic performance of PerSCs. Among these four solvent additives, 1-methylnaphthalene (MN) was found one of the best additive that possesses good adjusting ability to control both morphological and electrical properties of Bis-PDI-T-EG film. The fabricated PerSCs with optimized Bis-PDI-T-EG + 0.05 v/v% MN electron transport layer (ETL) displayed the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.96%. The performance of PerSCs was further improved by adding 0.05 wt% graphene together with 0.05 v/v% MN, and the maximum PCE of 15.11% was achieved.
关键词： Solvent additives,Graphene,p-i-n,Planar perovskite,Perylene diimide,Solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of Solvent Additives on the Morphology and Device Performance of Printed Non-fullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Printing of active layers of high-efficiency organic solar cells and morphology control by processing with varying solvent additive concentrations are important to realize real-world use of bulk-heterojunction photovoltaics as it enables both, up-scaling and optimization of the device performance. In this work, active layers of the conjugated polymer with benzodithiophene units PBDB-T-SF and the non-fullerene small molecule acceptor IT-4F are printed using meniscus guided slot-die coating. 1,8-diiodoctane (DIO) is added to optimize the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The effect on the inner nano-structure and surface morphology of the material is studied for different solvent additive concentrations with grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical properties are studied with photoluminescence (PL), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements and correlated to the corresponding PCEs. The addition of 0.25 vol% DIO enhances the average PCE from 3.5 to 7.9 % whereas at higher concentrations the positive effect is less pronounced. A solar cell performance of 8.95 % is obtained for the best printed device processed with an optimum solvent additive concentration. Thus, with the large-scale preparation method printing similarly well working solar cells can be realized as with the spin-coating method.
关键词： slot-die coating,solvent additives,small molecule acceptor,high-efficiency organic solar cells,printed organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhanced performance and stability of ambient-processed CH3NH3PbIx(SCN)3-x planar perovskite solar cells by introducing ammonium salts
摘要： Metal halide perovskite solar cells have drawn a lot of attention due to their excellent photovoltaic properties. However, a simple method to prepare perovskite films with high quality in ambient air remains a big challenge, which has become an obstacle for the commercialization of PSCs. Here we propose a facile method to prepare efficient CH3NH3PbIx(SCN)3-x-based planar PSCs in ambient conditions and ammonium salt (NH4Cl, NH4SCN) are used to regulate the microstructure of CH3NH3PbIx(SCN)3-x perovskite film prepared in ambient air. At the optimal concentration, the devices with NH4Cl or NH4SCN additives achieve the champion efficiency of 14.71% and 16.61% respectively, which are much higher than the 12.97% of the reference device. The stability of the unsealed devices with additives in ambient air has also been significantly improved. The modified devices without any encapsulation still retain about 80% of initial efficiency after 30 days in ambient air. The conductive atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence measurement are used to characterize photoelectric properties of perovskite film. The trap-state density and charge recombination of the devices have been investigated. The results suggest that the improved photovoltaic characteristics and stability may be attributed to the improved quality of perovskite films, the reduced trap-states and the suppressed charge recombination.
关键词： ammonium salt additives,air-process,CH3NH3PbIx(SCN)3-x,photoelectric properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Insulating Polymers for Enhancing the Efficiency of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
摘要： A series of insulating polymers are used as additives in nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) for the first time. A significant relative power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement of up to 16% is observed with an introduction of polystyrene for only 5.0 wt% into the active layer of OSCs. Other insulating polymers possessing linear nonconjugated backbones with different side chains are also incorporated into OSCs and the resultant PCE enhancement decreases with the decrease in the side chain size. Another important issue that is noted is the glass transition temperature of the polymer additive. When the glass transition temperature is higher than the thermal annealing temperature of the active layer, the polymer additive plays a negative effect on the device performance and the device efficiency decreases monotonically with the increase in addition amount. So the effect of the insulating polymer additives in nonfullerene OSCs can be attributed to the reconstruction of the active layer films, which increases the crystallinity, carrier mobility, and carrier lifetime of the organic semiconductors in the bulk heterojunction of the devices. This work provides a guideline for the selection of polymer additives in OSCs apart from the consideration on the optoelectronic property of the additives.
关键词： nonfullerenes,insulating polymers,organic solar cells,additives,glass transition temperatures
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Polymer Additives for Morphology Control in High-Performance Lead-Reduced Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been rapidly developed in just a few years due to its high power conversion efficiency. However, it still faces some critical issues, one of which is the presence of toxic lead (Pb2+). Recent researches have found that barium (Ba2+) can partially replace the Pb2+ in perovskite structure and achieve promising device performance because of its adequate ionic radius. However, the optimal replacement amount of Ba2+ in perovskite is still limited. In this report, we focus on the MA/FA mixed-cation perovskite and partially substitute Pb2+ with Ba2+. Compared with pure MA system, the best device efficiency can be achieved using higher Ba2+ doped MA/FA mixed-cation perovskite solar cell with efficiency of 16.1% can be realized. We believe this report provides an effective strategy to fabricate high performance lead-reduced PSCs.
关键词： polymer additives,stability,perovskite solar cells,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ambient-Processed, Additive-Assisted CsPbBr3 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with Colloidal NiOx Nanoparticles for Efficient Hole Transporting
摘要： In this study, the electrically driven perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) were investigated by hybridizing the organic polyethylene oxide, 1,3,5-tris (N-phenylbenzimiazole-2-yl) benzene (TPBi), and bis(3,5-di?uoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium III (FIrpic) with CsPbBr3 in the emission layer and adopting the colloidal NiOx nanoparticle (NP) hole transport layer. The synthesized NiOx NPs, having an average size of ~5 nm, can be spin-coated to become a smooth and close-packed ?lm on the indium–tin–oxide anode. The NiOx NP layer possesses an overall transmittance of ~80% at 520 nm, which is about the peak position of electroluminescence (EL) spectra of CsPbBr3 emission layer. The coating procedures of NiOx NP and CsPbBr3 layers were carried out in ambient air. The novel PeLED turned on at 2.4 V and emitted bright EL of 4456 cd/m2 at 7 V, indicating the remarkable nonradiative-related defect elimination by organic additive addition and signi?cant charge balance achieved by the NiOx NP layer.
关键词： colloidal NiOx nanoparticles,organic additives,ambient-process,perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs),inorganic lead halide perovskites
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ultrafast spectroscopic investigation of the effect of solvent additives on charge photogeneration and recombination dynamics in non-fullerene organic photovoltaic blends
摘要： The PBDB-TF:IT-4F blend is a kind of state-of-the-art non-fullerene photovoltaic blend. Herein, the effects of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) additives on the neat and blend film morphologies and the related ultrafast photophysical processes are studied. It is found that both DIO and CN can lead to an enhanced structural order in the in-plane direction and increased average lifetime of excitons in neat PBDB-TF films. The face-on orientation of PBDB-TF still exists in the DIO-processed PBDB-TF:IT-4F blend film, while in the case of the CN-processed blend film, molecular packing orientation is similar to that of the pristine blend film. The blend samples prepared with the two additives show increased initial exciton yields. Interestingly, in the blend samples prepared with the DIO additive, the recombination loss via the formation of polymer triplet excitons can be effectively suppressed, in comparison to the pristine and CN-processed samples. Both the DIO- and CN-processed devices show increased short-circuit current densities. The DIO-processed device is also found to have a superior fill factor due to suppressed recombination loss. The work provides a comprehensive insight into the ultrafast photophysical processes in varied blend morphologies induced by additives and their effect on the photovoltaic parameters of the devices.
关键词： charge photogeneration,ultrafast spectroscopy,recombination dynamics,solvent additives,non-fullerene photovoltaic blend
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57