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Ion beam measurements for the investigation of TiN thin films deposited on different substrates by vacuum arc discharge
摘要： Titanium nitride thin films were deposited on different substrates using vacuum arc discharge system. Simultaneous ion beam analysis measurements including elastic backscattering (EBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA); were applied for both composition analysis and thickness measurements of the prepared TiN films. Experimental conditions have been optimized to avoid overlapping of peaks of different nuclear reactions products, especially those related to interaction between ion beam and light elements present in totally different substrates. Independent compliment measurements utilizing time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-ERDA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were also applied to verify the experimental findings obtained by EBS and NRA measurements. The results have shown that all prepared TiN films have N/Ti ratio of around 1, with low levels of contamination elements.
关键词： IBA,TiN film,XRD,Substrates,SEM/EDX,Vacuum arc discharge
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fullerene-to-MWCNT Structural Evolution Synthesized by Arc Discharge Plasma
摘要： The growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been extensively studied using electron microscopy. The ex situ structural behavior was examined to investigate the growth of the MWCNTs under different environments and pressures using electron microscopy. The arc discharge plasma technique was applied to synthesize the MWCNTs by evaporating carbon through the arc plasma between two cylindrical graphite rods, with a background pressure of 10?2 to 102 mbar, inside a vacuum chamber under different ambient environments. The results showed that long MWCNT structures were successfully grown. We suggest that the mechanism involves: (i) fullerene formation; (ii) the elongation of fullerenes; and (iii) the growth of MWCNTs. Agglomeration with other structures then forms MWCNT bundles. We note that the pressure and environment in the vacuum chamber can affect the structure of the MWCNTs.
关键词： arc discharge,electron microscopy,carbon nanotube,nanostructured
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Torsion‐dependent spectral response of long‐period fiber grating based on electric arc technique with axial rotation of the fiber
摘要： We present a novel technique for manufacturing a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with enhanced torsion sensitivity based on electric arc technique. The proposed method rotates the fiber around its axis of rotation at each electric arc discharge. We experimentally investigated the torsion-dependent spectral response of the produced grating and the results showed that an enhanced linear torsion sensitivity up to 0.197 nm/(rad/m) was achieved, which is higher than that of the conventional arc-induced LPFGs.
关键词： long-period fiber grating,torsion sensing,electric arc discharge
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Characterization and Formation Mechanism of the Nanodiamond Synthesized by A High Energy Arc-Plasma
摘要： A new fabrication strategy using thermal source of DC arc-discharge plasma is developed in the synthesis of nanodiamond particles. In the fabrication process, a solid mixture of Ni/Si/graphite coarse powders is used as the raw materials, meanwhile the gaseous mixture of H2/Ar served as the preparation atmosphere. The well-established arc-discharge plasma is significant in operation under a low gaseous pressure and an acceptable energy condition, and would be potential to become a novel process for synthesis of nanodiamond particles in large scale. The initially formed SiC clusters and the solid solution of Ni(C) particles are crucial in serving as crystal nuclei of diamond and an in situ carbon source which can gradually be released with cooling, respectively. Structural characterizations by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Raman spectra, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm the existence nanodiamond particles, they are typically spherical with 5–20 nm in size. The formation of such nanodiamond particles by the arc-discharge thermal source is discussed in detail on the knowledge of binary phase diagram, constitution of raw materials, and nucleation/growth processes under the experimental conditions.
关键词： formation mechanism,synthesis,nanodiamond,DC arc-discharge plasma
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Structure and morphology of copper oxide composite materials synthesized by the arc discharge method
摘要： Copper oxide is a semiconducting compound with a narrow band gap and is used for photoconductive and photothermal applications. Most of the synthesis methods for the preparation of copper oxide composite materials either are unsuitable for mass fabrication or inevitably introduce unwanted impurities. In this work, we report on the synthesis of copper oxide composite materials by the arc discharge method with a pure copper rod as the anode and graphite as the cathode. Ion beam analysis techniques, particle-induced X-ray emission and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to probe the impurities in the copper oxide composites. Ion beam analysis results revealed copper and oxygen as constituent elements with no impurities. X-ray diffraction results discovered the presence of CuO, Cu2O and Cu phases in the composite materials. The morphology of the as-synthesized copper oxide was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results clearly demonstrated that spherical particles were obtained with an average diameter of 14 μm (range 2–85 μm), 35 μm (range 20–100 μm) and 50 μm (range 30–120 μm) for the arc current of 60 A, 80 A and 95 A, respectively. It was found that the morphology can be controlled by the arc discharge parameters, e.g. a lower arc discharge current contributed to a smaller particle size. This is because the electric arc current influences the nucleation and the growth of the spherical structures. Due to its simplicity of synthesis, the proposed arc discharge is a promising technique for the fabrication of copper oxide composite materials for optical and electrical applications.
关键词： Copper oxide,arc discharge
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Dependences of the Thermophysical Parameters of Activated Thermal-Emission Cathodes on the Current in a Stable Arc Discharge
摘要： The influence of electrical current (in the range 20–150 A) on the thermophysical characteristics of activated thermal cathodes (W + 2% ThO2) in a freely glowing low-pressure argon arc is investigated. For the first time, the dependences of key cathode parameters, such as the heat flux at the electrode, the voltage equivalent of the heat, the specific erosion, and the distributions of the temperature and work function over the extension length of the cathode from the holder, are obtained. A nonmonotonic dependence of the specific erosion on the electrical current with a minimal level at 50–60 A is noted.
关键词： thermophysical parameters,work function,thermal-emission cathodes,arc discharge,specific erosion
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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An Automated System for Measuring the Current Density of a Pulse–Periodic Electron Beam with a Large Cross Section
摘要： In an electron source with a mesh plasma cathode on the basis of a low-pressure arc discharge, studies of the spatiotemporal stability of a pulse–periodic beam with a large cross section (750 × 150 mm2), which was extracted into the atmosphere through an output foil window, were performed. The automated system that was used in the studies allowed real-time measurements with the ability to visualize the data on a computer. This system provides an accuracy of measurements of no worse than ±2%; it differs from the known analogues in the compactness, reliability, and simplicity of its design and allows studies of the current-density distribution over the beam cross section in a wide range of beam parameters, such as the beam energy, beam current, and beam-current pulse duration. A satisfactory coincidence of the previously obtained data and the present experimental data is shown with the possibility of substantially increasing the accuracy of setting up a scientific experiment and, consequently, the speed of debugging and the reproducibility of the technological process.
关键词： automated system,pulse–periodic beam,low-pressure arc discharge,electron source,mesh plasma cathode,current-density distribution
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14