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Unraveling the roles of mesoporous TiO2 framework in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells; ????-?TiO2????????¨CH3NH3PbI3é??é??????¤aé?3è????μ?±???-????????¨;
摘要： Both of planar and mesoporous architectures prevail for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is still an open question how the architecture affects the performance of PSCs. The inconsistent results in the references often create confusion. In particular, the specific roles of mesoporous frameworks are yet to be well elaborated and require further clarification. In this study, we carefully compared the properties of perovskite films and the device performances for both architectures to unravel the roles of mesoporous TiO2 frameworks in CH3NH3PbI3 PSCs. The detailed characterizations of structural, microscopic, optical and electrical properties revealed that the presence of mesoporous TiO2 framework contributed to enlarged perovskite crystal sizes, enhanced light harvesting, efficient electron extration and suppressed charge recombination. As a result, compared with the planar device, the mesoporous device yielded an improved power conversion efficiency of 18.18%, coupled with a reduced hystersis. This study reveals the benefits of mesoporous TiO2 framework in PSCs and provides the guidance for the design and optimization of architectures for high-performance devices.
关键词： device architecture,electron transporting layer,electron extraction,CH3NH3PbI3,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Universal Elaboration of Al-Doped TiO <sub/>2</sub> as an Electron Extraction Layer in Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Fabricating an electron extraction layer (EEL) with a metal doping transition metal oxide (TMO) in inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) is a simple and efficient process for enhancing photovoltaic properties. Here, the universal benefits and common factors that influence both PeSCs and OSCs as a result of changes in Al-doped TiO2 properties are investigated. These common factors are identified in two separate mechanisms. The first involves surface smoothing of TiO2 films, which affects the formation of a high crystalline active layer and reduces recombination between the electron extraction and active layers. The second involves bandgap widening of TiO2, which reduces the activation energy and enhances the quenching efficiency of devices. These factors are demonstrated in various measurements. The results will help in understanding the fundamental benefits of Al-doped TiO2 in solution-processed thin-film solar cells.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,electron extraction layer,organic solar cells,Al-doped TiO2
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Naphthalene imide dimer as interface engineering material: An efficient strategy for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells
摘要： How to design and synthesize interfacial engineered materials that have efficient surface passivation and electron extraction properties is an important problem in the field of optoelectronic materials. Herein, a simple naphthalene imide dimer, namely 2FBT2NDI, is developed by Stille coupling reaction with a high yield, and it is used as interface engineering for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSC). Owing to the existence of intermolecular interactions between MAPbI3 and the 2FBT2NDI layer, the introduction of the interfacial layer can passivate the surface defects of perovskite film and improve interface contact. In addition, 2FBT2NDI exhibits suitable energy levels and high electron mobility because of its large linear conjugated skeleton containing two fluorine atoms, which are beneficial for electron extraction for efficient PSCs. Employing 2FBT2NDI as an interfacial layer, inverted PSCs show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.1%, which is over 14% higher than that of the control devices without interfacial layer (17.1%). These results highlight that the naphthalene imide dimer can potentially be used as a commercializable interfacial material for achieving high-performance PSCs.
关键词： electron extraction,perovskite solar cell,naphthalene imide,surface passivation,interface engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Interfacing green synthesized flake like-ZnO onto TiO <sub/>2</sub> as a bilayer electron extraction for efficient perovskite solar cells
摘要： To improve the performance of the PSCs, it is essential to prevent the carrier recombination losses at the interfaces of the transparent metal oxide electrode/electron transport layer (ETL) / active absorber perovskite layer. This present work reports about the green synthesis approach used for the preparation of flake like-ZnO nanostructure (GF-ZnO NSs), naturally extracted from the leaf of Albizia Amara - as a reducing cum capping agent. Herein, we have introduced the above prepared an n-type GF-ZnO NSs material as efficient electron transport interfacial layer (bi-ETL) at the ETL/perovskite junction in the fabricated perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The structure of the fabricated PSC device as follow: Glass/ITO/bi-ETL (c-TiO2/GF-ZnO NSs)/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/Spiro-MeOTAD/Au. A comparative study has also been made by deploying electron transport materials such as c-TiO2 and GF-ZnO NSs separately. From this, it has been found that the bi-ETL perovskite solar cell devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.83% with open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.728 V, short circuit current density (JSC) of 20.46 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 52.61% compared to that of the chemically reduced ZnO based devices. Whereas, the c-TiO2, GF-ZnO NSs and the chemically reduced CR-ZnO based ETL based devices achieved a PCE of 4.84%, 5.82% and 6.81% respectively. The obtained better performance of the bi-ETL based devices is ascribed to the enhanced carrier extraction and the reduced recombination losses at the interface between the ETL and the active perovskite layer.
关键词： bilayer electron extraction,green synthesis,Perovskite solar cells,Interfacial layer,ZnO nanostructure,Albizia Amara leaf extract
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Interface Defects Passivation and Conductivity Improvement in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Na2S Doped Compact-TiO2 Electron Transport Layers
摘要： Numerous trap states and low conductivity of compact TiO2 layers are major obstacles for achieving high power conversion efficiency and high stability perovskite solar cells. Here we report an effective Na2S doped TiO2 layer, which can improve the conductivity of TiO2 layers, the contact of TiO2/perovskite interface, and also the crystallinity of following perovskite layers. Comprehensive investigations demonstrate that Na cations would increase the conductivity of TiO2 layers while S anions would change the wettability of TiO2 layers, and improve the crystallinity of perovskite layers and passivate defects at the TiO2/PVK interface. Synergetic effects of dopants lead to a champion efficiency as high as 21.25% in unencapsulated PSCs, with much improved stability. Our work provides new insights on anion dopants in TiO2 layers which is usually neglected in previous reports, and also proposes a simple approach to produce low-cost and high-performance electron transporting layers for high performance PSCs.
关键词： electron extraction,additive,compact TiO2,perovskite solar cells,crystallization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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MOF-derived ZnO as electron transport layer for improving light harvesting and electron extraction efficiency in perovskite solar cells
摘要： We adopt Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF)-derived zinc oxide (ZnO) as electron extraction material for hybrid cationic perovskite solar cells for the first time, breaking the prevailing paradigm of using oxides nanoparticle as electron extraction layer. MOF-derived ZnO with a polyhedral morphology and abundant internal porous structure can increase light harvesting ability and optimize the interfacial contact with perovskite. In contrast to conventional ZnO nanoparticles, the introduction of MOF-derived ZnO will achieve more efficient electron extraction, reduction of trapped state density and lower electron-hole recombination probability, thus significantly increase the fill factor and short-circuit current density of the cells. MOF-derived ZnO based perovskite solar cells exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.1% coupled with improved fill factor of 0.74 and short-circuit current density of 22.1 mA cm?2. Simultaneously, there is almost no hysteresis effect, and performance attenuation of the device in the ambient atmosphere over time can be suppressed. The performance improvement of perovskite solar cells stems from improved light harvesting efficiency in a wide wavelength range, as well as enhanced carrier extraction efficiency resulted from the increase of interface area between MOF-derived ZnO and perovskites.
关键词： MOF-Derived ZnO,Electron extraction,Perovskite solar cells,Light harvesting
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The green poly-lysine enantiomers as electron-extraction layers for high performance organic photovoltaics
摘要： In this study, we first revealed green materials – poly-lysines (poly-L-lysine and poly-L-lysine blend poly-D-lysine) – as electron-extraction layers (EELs) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The distinct configurations of poly-lysine enantiomers were verified by conducting zeta potential analysis, and their work function (WF)-tuning capabilities for indium tin oxide (ITO) were affirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). These two poly-lysine groups, with different arrangements of the amino groups that built up different surface dipoles on the ITO substrate, altered the surface energy and WF of ITO. Poly-L-lysine optimized the WF of ITO for efficient carrier transport in the OPV device, in the electron transporting layer-free OPV devices, and we observed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.01% in the device configuration of ITO/interlayer/BHJ/MoO3/Ag. As the first examination of poly-lysine enantiomers for OPVs, we provided the WF-tuning functions – increasing polarity as an interfacial dipole is formed at the corresponding interface, and discovered a promising interfacial material possessing high efficiency and benefitting from a long-term stability to perform in a stable PCE with about 80% of its original PCE remaining after continuous heat and light treatment for 400 hours.
关键词： interfacial dipole,organic photovoltaics,electron-extraction layers,poly-lysine,work function tuning
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Improvement of planar perovskite solar cells by using solution processed SnO2/CdS as electron transport layer
摘要： The efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with SnO2 as electron transport layer is already more than 19% achieved under controlled atmosphere. PSCs with solution processed SnO2 show high hysteresis and low fill factor. One way to improve the planar PSCs is using buffer layer between electron transport layer and perovskite to enhance the photo-electron extraction process. In this study, SnO2 and SnO2/CdS layers were fabricated by solution process using a suspension including CdS nanoparticles synthesized via a simple solution route. Then planar PSCs with the structure of Glass/FTO/ETL/Perovskite/Sprio-OMeTAD/Au were fabricated in ambient air condition using SnO2 and SnO2/CdS as ETL. It is shown that a thin interface layer of CdS nanoparticles on top of SnO2 layer consistently improves the electron transporting properties of SnO2 layer. Mott-Schottky analysis shows a gradual change of electron affinity takes place by deposition of CdS nano particles. CdS interface layer can act as an intermediate step to facilitate electron transfer from perovskite layer to SnO2. The hysteresis index reduces from 0.17 to 0.05 and the efficiency improves from 15.0% to 17.18%. Impedance spectroscopy indicates that interface resistance is reduced by incorporating CdS nanoparticles.
关键词： CdS nanoparticle,Electron extraction,SnO2,Planar perovskite solar cell,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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New Antimony-Based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material as Electron Extraction Layer for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： Hybrid organic-inorganic materials are a new class of material used as interfacial layers in polymer solar cells. A hybrid material, composed of antimony as inorganic part and diaminopyridine as organic part, is synthesized and described as a new material for electron extraction layer in polymer solar cells and compared to the recently demonstrated hybrid materials using bismuth instead of antimony. The hybrid compound is solution-processed onto the photoactive layer based on a classical blend, composed of PTB7-Th low bandgap polymer as donor mixed with PC70BM fullerene as acceptor material. By using a regular device structure and an aluminum cathode, the solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 8.42%, equivalent to the reference device using ZnO nanocrystals as interfacial layer, and strongly improved compared to bismuth-based hybrid material. The processing of extraction layers up to a thickness of 80 nm of such hybrid material reveals that the change from bismuth to antimony has strongly improved the charge extraction and transport properties of the hybrid materials. Interestingly, nanocomposites made of the hybrid material mixed with ZnO nanocrystals in a 1:1 ratio further improved the electronic properties of the extraction layers, leading to power conversion efficiency of 9.74%. This was addressed to a more closely packed morphology of the hybrid layer, leading to further improved electron extraction. It is important to note that these hybrid electron extraction layers, both pure and ZnO-doped, also greatly improved the stability of solar cells, both under dark storage in air and under lighting under inert atmosphere compared to solar cells treated with ZnO intermediate layers.
关键词： solar cell,morphology,hybrid material,electron extraction,nanocrystals,interfacial layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives as an efficient and low-cost electron extraction layer for n-i-p perovskite solar cells
摘要： Based on self-assembly, novel electron extraction layers (EELs) composed of naphthalimide (NPI) derivatives are constructed for application in n-i-p perovskite solar cells. Upon molecular energy level modulation, the power conversion efficiencies have been largely improved from 5.4% to 16%. Such low-cost and highly regulable EELs are promising for future commercial applications.
关键词： electron extraction layer,molecular energy level modulation,perovskite solar cells,Self-assembled naphthalimide derivatives
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22