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Suppression of Ag migration by low-temperature sol-gel zinc oxide in the Ag nanowires transparent electrode-based flexible perovskite solar cells
摘要： Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) network is an excellent candidate as flexible transparent electrode applying in flexible perovskite solar cells, owing to their excellent electrical and optical properties. However, several problems including large surface roughness, chemical reaction between Ag and perovskite precursor, and migration of Ag limited the application in high performance perovskite solar cells. Aiming to solve these problems, the composite electrode combining the spray coated Ag nanowires and the low-temperature sol-gel zinc oxide was developed in this work. The optimized concentration and annealing temperature of sol-gel ZnO were 0.45 M and 150°C. The introduction of zinc oxide with suitable concentration caused slight impact on the transmittance and sheet resistant of transparent composite electrode, and promoted mechanical and chemical stability in air relative to the pristine Ag NWs electrode. The use of the composite flexible electrode could decrease the surface roughness of the Ag NWs electrode, passivate the reaction of perovskite and silver electrode, and prevent the migration of Ag. As a consequence, the performance of the flexible device significantly improved from 9.51% to 13.12%. Under the AM 1.5G constant illumination, the optimization device has a remarkably improved stability than pristine device. This study demonstrates that spray Ag NWs as bottom electrode is suitable for flexible perovskite solar cells. Meanwhile, it’s an effective method using sol-gel ZnO to construct composite electrode to promote the device performance and stability.
关键词： Ag nanowire electrode,Ag migration,Flexible perovskite solar cells,Sol-gel ZnO,Bending resistance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Novel 2D Perovskite as Surface a??Patchesa?? for Efficient Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are promising passivating materials to improve the photovoltaic performance and stability of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we report a novel mixed 2D perovskite based on phenylformamidinium (PFA) cations and formamidinium (FA) cations as surface “patches” to stabilize an FA-based perovskite, whose formula is Cs0.05Rb0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3. The mixed-cation 2D perovskite “patches” can be obtained by dripping a PFA iodide (PFAI) solution (≥ 6 mg/mL) dynamically on the FA-based perovskite film surface. The mixed-cation 2D perovskite can effectively reduce the perovskite surface defects and suppress the recombination at the interface between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer, which results in improved device performance and thermal stability. Our champion flexible PSC presents a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.89%, which is one of the highest reported values for single-junction flexible PSCs to date. The unencapsulated flexible device with the “patches” retains 70.4% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h at 85 °C in an N2 environment. Our new strategy demonstrates a highly promising way to passivate the FA-based perovskite surface for highly-efficient PSCs, particularly flexible PSCs.
关键词： 2D perovskite,grain boundary,passivation,flexible,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Radiation effects on the performance of flexible perovskite solar cells for space applications
摘要： Solar cells for space applications are required to be tolerant to harsh environmental conditions. Especially, tolerance against radiation and charged particles is mandatory. Here we study the effect of low-energy (<< 1 MeV) proton radiation to evaluate the radiation tolerance of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Low-energy protons are more likely to be stopped in the shallower regions of solar cells, thereby causing greater performance degradation than high-energy protons. Flexible PSCs with layer sequence PET/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/metal were fabricated and were irradiated with 100 keV protons (fluence from ~ 3 × 1010 to ~ 3 × 1012 protons/cm2, equating several years in space). Flexible PSCs exhibited a good radiation tolerance and did not show color center formation, revealing their outstanding resistance against low-energy proton radiation. This can be credited to the combined effect of intrinsically large carrier diffusion length exceeding the thin absorber film thickness and the defect tolerance of perovskite crystals.
关键词： defect tolerance,space applications,radiation tolerance,low-energy proton radiation,flexible perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Interfacial Energy Level Tuning for Efficient and Thermostable CsPbI <sub/>2</sub> Br Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Inorganic mixed-halide CsPbX3-based perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) are emerging as one of the most promising types of PeSCs on account of their thermostability compared to organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, dissatisfactory device performance and high processing temperature impede their development for viable applications. Herein, a facile route is presented for tuning the energy levels and electrical properties of sol–gel-derived ZnO electron transport material (ETM) via the doping of a classical alkali metal carbonate Cs2CO3. Compared to bare ZnO, Cs2CO3-doped ZnO possesses more favorable interface energetics in contact with the CsPbI2Br perovskite layer, which can reduce the ohmic loss to a negligible level. The optimized PeSCs achieve an improved open-circuit voltage of 1.28 V, together with an increase in fill factor and short-circuit current. The optimized power conversion efficiencies of 16.42% and 14.82% are realized on rigid glass substrate and flexible plastic substrate, respectively. A high thermostability can be simultaneously obtained via defect passivation at the Cs2CO3-doped ZnO/CsPbI2Br interface, and 81% of the initial efficiency is retained after aging for 200 h at 85 °C.
关键词： energy level alignment,flexible perovskite solar cells,thermal stability,all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High‐Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Precise Control of Electron Transport Layer
摘要： Flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) have attracted great attention due to their promising commercial prospects. However, the performance of f-PSCs is generally worse than that of their rigid counterparts. Herein, it is found that the unsatisfactory performance of planar heterojunction (PHJ) f-PSCs can be attributed to the undesirable morphology of electron transport layer (ETL), which results from the rough surface of the flexible substrate. Precise control over the thickness and morphology of ETL tin dioxide (SnO2) not only reduces the reflectance of the indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate (PEN) substrate and enhances photon collection, but also decreases the trap-state densities of perovskite films and the charge transfer resistance, leading to a great enhancement of device performance. Consequently, the f-PSCs, with a structure of PEN/ITO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 19.51% and a steady output of 19.01%. Furthermore, the f-PSCs show a robust bending resistance and maintain about 95% of initial PCE after 6000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 8 mm, and they present an outstanding long-term stability and retain about 90% of the initial performance after >1000 h storage in air (10% relative humidity) without encapsulation.
关键词： flexible perovskite solar cells,electron transport layer,stability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solution-Processed Polymeric Thin Film as the Transparent Electrode for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were arising as a new generation of low-cost solar technology for renewable energy generation. More than 25 % of power conversion efficiency (PCE) was reported from PSCs on the rigid indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass electrode. However, PSCs fabricated on the flexible solution-processed transparent electrode has still been a challenge to date. In this work, we report solution-processed transparent polymeric thin film as the electrode for flexible solution-processed PSCs. The solution-processed polymeric thin film exhibits superior optical transparency and decent electrical conductivity. As compared with a PCE of 16.60% from PSCs on the ITO/glass substrate, PSCs on the solution-processed transparent polymeric electrode/glass substrate exhibit a PCE of 13.36% and PSCs on the solution-processed transparent polymeric thin-film/polyethylene terephthalate flexible substrate possess a PCE of 10.16%. Systematically studies demonstrate that poor electrical conductivity of the solution-processed transparent polymeric electrode and serious interfacial charge carrier recombination are responsible for low PCEs. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that we provide a facile route to develop flexible PSCs by utilization of solution-processed polymeric thin film as the transparent electrode.
关键词： high electrical conductivity,device performance,flexible perovskite solar cells,transparent electrode,polymeric thin-film
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Simple fabrication of perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency, stability, and flexibility under ambient air
摘要： In order to increase the applicability and commercial potential of perovskite solar cells, simple fabrication of high-photovoltaic-performance flexible perovskite solar cells with excellent moisture stabilities without the use of a glove-box and an antisolvent is required. In this paper, we present a simple fabrication strategy involving introduction of 4-tert-butylpyridine into CH3NH3PbI3 and significantly enhancing 4-tert-butylpyridine morphology-modifying effect via a reduction-active flexible poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) interlayer. Owing to the specific oxidation facilitation by the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) polymer, a perovskite film with large (~1 μm) and quasi-all-in-one-structured grains can be obtained, which significantly enhance the efficiency and the stability of the perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the high-efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells fabricated by the simple strategy exhibit excellent moisture resistances owing to the stronger coordination and the outside-covering effect of the hydrophobic 4-tert-butylpyridine. The fabrication can be carried out under ambient air (without glovebox, relative humidity > 40%), which paves the way for wearable device application and commercialization.
关键词： Flexible perovskite solar cells,Ambient-air fabrication,Morphology-modifying,Moisture stability,4-tert-butylpyridine
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Malleability and Pliability of Silka??Derived Electrodes for Efficient Deformable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： For the fabrication of deformable electronic devices, electrodes that are robust against repeated bending, twisting, stretching, folding, reversible plasticizing, and that maintain electrical conductivity, and so on, are required. Malleable and pliable silk-derived electrodes are fabricated to enable the shape deformation of perovskite solar cells. Moisture-driven silk-derived electrodes show reversible plasticization with malleability and pliability, realizing diverse deformation from simple operations (including bending, folding, stretching, etc.) to complicated structures (including flower, bowknot, and paper crane). It is worth noting that the silk-derived electrodes maintain electrical conductivity (15.8 Ω sq?1) compared to their initial value (15 Ω sq?1) even after suffering from reversible mechanical plasticization of complicated structures. Deformable perovskite solar cells are fabricated with the silk-derived electrodes and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 10.40%. The devices maintain 92% of the initial efficiency after 1000 bends at a curvature radius of 2.5 mm. The power does not decline at 50% strain and keeps more than 60% of the initial value after stretching for 50 cycles. Malleability and pliability of silk-derived electrodes benefit the realization of stretchable perovskite solar cells and deformable electronic devices.
关键词： silk,transparent electrodes,deformable electronics,flexible perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Bi <sub/>2</sub> Te <sub/>3</sub> Topological Insulator as a New and Outstanding Counter Electrode Material for High-Efficiency and Endurable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Inverted flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) typically employ expensive metals as the counter electrodes, which are brittle and corrodible by perovskite, leading to a sharp performance drop under continuous bending, air exposure, thermal stress or light illumination and eventually retards the commercialization. Herein, a low-cost Bi2Te3 counter electrode was employed by using a simple thermal evaporation process. The resultant device achieved an excellent power conversion efficiency of 18.16%, which was among the highest reported efficiencies, much higher than the reference Ag PSC (15.90%). The improvement should be attributed to the intrinsic suppressed electron backscattering in Bi2Te3 topological insulator. Simultaneously, the Bi2Te3 device obtained a significantly improved mechanical flexibility and long-term operational stability. The present strategy will help to open up a new avenue for future commercialization of flexible photovoltaic applications.
关键词： Topological insulator,Bi2Te3,Flexible perovskite solar cells,Counter electrode,CH3NH3PbI3
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04