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Towards photovoltaic windows: scalable fabrication of semitransparent modules based on non-fullerene acceptors <i>via</i> laser-patterning
摘要： Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (OPV) possess unique properties that make them highly appealing for their integration into semitransparent architectonic elements such as windows or glazings. In order to provide sufficient transparency, non-opaque electrodes and thin photoactive layers are typically used, thus limiting the light-harvesting capacity. This can be partially overcome by using materials that absorb light mostly in the infrared region. On the other hand, the use of scalable techniques for the fabrication of semitransparent devices is often disregarded. In this work, we combine the blue, low-bandgap polymer PBTZT-stat-BDTT-8 with the near-infrared absorbing non-fullerene acceptor 4TICO, adapting the module fabrication to low-cost manufacturing processes that are compatible with large-scale production. Fully solution-processed semitransparent solar cells over 4.7% performance are prepared from non-chlorinated formulations, in air and using scalable techniques such as blade coating. Our prototypes of semitransparent laser-patterned OPV modules exceed 30% of transparency (measured as human perception transmittance, HPT) and yield efficiencies in the range of 4%, geometrical fill factors surpassing 90% and an active area above 1 cm2. We verify the quality of cell-to-cell interconnection and optimise the geometry of the modules with the help of local optoelectronic imaging techniques. This work highlights the relevance of non-fullerene acceptors with strong absorption in the near-infrared, as they can meet industrial and technical requirements for the upscaling and integration of high-performance semitransparent OPV modules with low production costs.
关键词： scalable fabrication,laser-patterning,non-fullerene acceptors,photovoltaic windows,semitransparent organic photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Invited Article: Scalable high-sensitivity optomechanical magnetometers on a chip
摘要： The dual-resonant enhancement of mechanical and optical response in cavity optomechanical magnetometers enables precision sensing of magnetic fields. In previous working prototypes of such magnetometers, a cavity optomechanical system is functionalized by manually epoxy-bonding a grain of magnetostrictive material. While this approach allows proof-of-principle demonstrations, practical applications require more scalable and reproducible fabrication pathways. In this work, we developed a multiple-step method to scalably fabricate optomechanical magnetometers on a silicon chip, with reproducible performance across different devices. The key step is to develop a process to sputter coat a magnetostrictive film onto high quality toroidal microresonators, without degradation of the optical quality factor. A peak sensitivity of 585 pT/√Hz is achieved, which is comparable with previously reported results using epoxy-bonding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that thermally annealing the sputtered film can improve the magnetometer sensitivity by a factor of 6.3.
关键词： optomechanical magnetometers,thermal annealing,sensitivity enhancement,sputter coating,scalable fabrication
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Recent progress towards roll-to-roll manufacturing of perovskite solar cells using slot-die processing
摘要： The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has recently reached 24.2% [1], the threshold for serious commercial interest, triggering an intense search for prospective large-scale production methods that will enable a swift transition from the laboratory to industrial-scale manufacture. Several industrially-compatible scalable methods have been deployed to fabricate PSCs, but the efficiencies of devices prepared using these methods remain inferior to devices prepared in the laboratory using spin coating, a technique that is unsuitable for large-scale manufacturing. A key challenge for the successful commercialization of PSCs is the production of highly uniform, pinhole-free films over a sufficiently large area while also controlling the crystallization processes is attractive for large-scale, low-cost manufacturing of PSCs, particularly on flexible substrates. In this review, we summarize recent advances in low-temperature S2S and R2R slot-die coating processes for PSCs, outline the key processing parameters controlling PSC fabrication and their impact on device performance, and describe current challenges and future prospects.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,roll-to-roll process,slot-die coating,large-scale perovskite,scalable fabrication
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Scalable and controlled creation of nanoholes in graphene by microwave-assisted chemical etching for improved electrochemical properties
摘要： Nanoholes on the basal plane of graphene can provide abundant mass transport channels and chemically active sites for enhancing the electrochemical performance. However, current thermal chemical etching processes to manufacture these nanoholes commonly suffer from insufficient process efficiency, scalability and controllability, due to the conventional bulk heating strategy lacks capability to promote the etching reactions. To address this issue, a novel process is developed using microwave irradiation to promote and control the chemical etching of graphene. In this process, the microwave can induce a selective heating of graphene in the liquid solution and then facilitate the etching reactions occurring on the graphene-etchant interface. Applying this strategy, a remarkable reduction of processing time from hour-scale to minute-scale compared to the conventional approaches have been achieved with the control of the population and area percentage of nanoholes on the graphene basal plane. DFT and MD simulations revealed that the formation of nanoholes originated from the cyclic etchant oxidation process occurring at the edge-sites atoms around pretreated vacancies on graphene basal plane. The obtained holey graphene oxide sheets exhibit excellent capacitive performance and electrochemical catalytic activity due to the improvements in the accessible surface area, ion diffusion, and heterogeneous charge transfer.
关键词： nanoholes,microwave-assisted chemical etching,electrochemical properties,graphene,scalable fabrication
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Scalable fabrication of organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors
摘要： Organic solar cells have recently experienced a substantial leap in power conversion efficiency, in part driven by formulations with new non-fullerene acceptors. This has brought the technology past the psychologically important mark of 15 % efficiency for unscaled laboratory devices, and the results are stimulating another burst of research activity. Whether this will propel the technology into a viable commercial contender has yet to be determined, but to realize the potential of organic solar cells for utility scale application, fabrication using scalable processing techniques has to be demonstrated - otherwise, the passing of the 15 % mark will eventually leave no more lasting impact than what the passing of the 10 % mark did. Thus, addressing the scaling lag between the 15 % cell efficiencies of lab-scale devices on rigid glass substrates fabricated using non-scalable techniques and the 7 % efficiencies of scalably fabricated devices on flexible substrates is key. Here, we discuss the concept of scalability and give an account of the literature on non-fullerene acceptor devices fabricated with scalable methods and materials. On the basis of this, we identify three crucial focus points for overcoming the lab-to-fab challenge: i) dual temperature control, i.e. simultaneous control of the ink and substrate temperatures during deposition, ii) systematic in situ morphology studies of active layer inks with new, green solvent formulations during continuous deposition, and iii) development of protocols for continuous solution processing of smooth, transparent interfacial layers with efficient charge transfer to the active layer. Combining these efforts and in general accompanying such studies with stability analyses and fabrication of large-area, scalably processed devices are believed to accelerate the relevance of organic solar cells for large-scale energy supply.
关键词： roll-to-roll processing,organic solar cells,non-fullerene acceptors,power conversion efficiency,scalable fabrication
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Scalable laser powder bed fusion processing of nitinol shape memory alloy
摘要： The authors report on pulsed laser powder bed fusion fabrication of nitinol (NiTi) shape memory materials. The authors ?rst performed single-track laser parameter sweeps to assess melt pool stability and determine energy parameters and hatch spacing for larger builds. The authors then assessed the melt pool chemistry as a function of laser energy density and build plate composition. Brittle intermetallics were found to form at the part/build plate interface for both N200 and Ti-6-4 substrates. The intermetallic formation was reduced by building on a 50Ni–50Ti substrate, but delamination still occurred due to thermal stresses upon cooling. The authors were able to overcome delamination on all substrates and fabricate macroscopic parts by building a lattice support structure, which is both compliant and controls heat transfer into the build plate. This approach will enable scalable fabrication of complex NiTi parts.
关键词： additive manufacturing,shape memory alloy,nitinol,scalable fabrication,laser powder bed fusion
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04