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Highly flexible self-powered photodetectors based on core–shell Sb/CdS nanowires
摘要： Flexible photodetectors have great applications in flexible image sensors, wearable electronics and smart robots. In this work, we reported the fabrication of highly flexible self-powered photodetectors with core-shell Sb/CdS nanowires as the sensing materials. The fabricated device exhibited high Ion/Ioff ratio of 3.54×103 under zero bias, fast speed of photoresponse and great stability. An open-circuit voltage of 0.35 V was generated due to the presence of CdS and CdSb interfaces within the core-shell nanowires. Besides, the photocurrent of the flexible device is nearly invariable at various bending angles and even after thousands of bending cycles, demonstrating the excellent flexibility and bending stability. The results indicated that the self-powered photodetectors are promising candidates for future passive optoelectronic devices.
关键词： core-shell Sb/CdS nanowires,optoelectronic devices,self-powered,flexible photodetectors
更新于2025-11-21 11:03:13
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ZIF-8@H:ZnO Core-shell nanorods arrays/Si heterojunction self-powered photodetector with ultrahigh performance
摘要： The native defects will degrade the performance and stability of the optoelectric device. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)@H:ZnO core-shell nanorods arrays/Si heterojunction self-powered photodetector is demonstrated. Combining hydrogenation and ZIF-8 passivation, its photoresponsive characteristics are greatly enhanced. The photodetector exhibits superior detectivity of ~2.14×1016 Jones (1 Jones=1 cm Hz1/2 W-1), high responsivity of ~7.07×104 mA W-1, prominent sensitivity of ~2.08×1012 cm2 W-1 and broadband photodetection ranging from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. As critical figures of merit, its responsivity increases by nearly 5 orders of magnitude than that of pristine ZnO nanorods arrays/Si heterojunction photodetector. More importantly, the comprehensive performance of ZIF-8@H:ZnO core-shell nanorods arrays/Si heterojunction photodetector not only achieves a record high value for ZnO-based photodetectors reported so far, but also can be comparable with that of two-dimensional (2D) materials, zero-dimensional (0D) materials, topological insulators, perovskites and other oxides based self-powered photodetectors. The novel post-treatment strategy has great potential in developing high-performing self-powered photodetectors. Meanwhile, this work may be extended to other oxides based optoelectronic devices.
关键词： core-shell nanorods,heterojunction,passivation,self-powered photodetector,ZnO,ZIF-8,hydrogenation
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Biocompatible and sustainable power supply for self-powered wearable and implantable electronics using III-nitride thin-film-based flexible piezoelectric generator
摘要： Energy harvesters that scavenge biomechanical energy are promising power supply candidates for wearable and implantable electronics. Of the most widely used energy harvesters, piezoelectric generators can generate more electric charge than their triboelectric counterparts with similar device size, thus are more suitable to make compact wearable devices. However, most high-power piezoelectric generators are made from lead zirconate titanate, making them undesirable for wearable applications due to the toxic lead element. In this study, a flexible piezoelectric generator (F-PEG) is fabricated with chemically stable and biocompatible Group-III-nitride (III-N) thin film by a layer-transfer method. The III-N thin-film F-PEG can generate an open-circuit voltage of 50 V, a short-circuit current of 15 μA, and a maximum power of 167 μW at a load resistance of 5 M?. Applications of the III-N thin-film F-PEG are demonstrated by directly powering electronics such as light-emitting diodes and electric watches, and by charging commercial capacitors and batteries to operate an optical pulse sensor. Furthermore, the III-N thin-film F-PEG shows good durability and a stable output after being subjected to severe buckling tests of over 30,000 cycles.
关键词： flexible,piezoelectric generators,thin film,III-nitride,self-powered system,biocompatible
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Ultra-broadband, sensitive and fast photodetection with needle-like EuBiSe3 single crystal
摘要： Ultra-broadband photodetection has been a hot topic with the rapid development of materials science and the application requirements for communication, imaging and sensing. Photodetectors based on bandgap-independent bolometry are promising candidates for detection of light from the ultraviolet to the terahertz range. Here we report a photothermoelectric detector made of an alloy of EuBiSe3 single crystal. The device shows room-temperature self-powered photoresponse from ultraviolet (375 nm) to terahertz (163 μm) with nearly uniform sensitivity against wavelength and fast response speed. Thanks to the large thermoelectric power (Seebeck coefficient) of EuBiSe3, the photovoltage responsivity derived from the incident (not absorbed) power reaches as high as 1.69 V/W at 405 nm without any bias voltage, and exceeds 0.59 V/W even at terahertz frequencies, with noise-equivalent power below 1 nW/√Hz, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than reported photothermoelectric detectors. The response time is around 200 ms, nearly two orders of magnitude faster than silicon-based heterojunction ultra-broadband photodetectors and on the same order as the millimetric-scale graphene- and carbon nanotube-based bolometric photodetectors. In addition, the as-grown EuBiSe3 crystal possesses a unique needle-like shape, intrinsically facilitating integration of the detector. Our work demonstrates that improved thermoelectric materials hold great promise for room-temperature high-performance broadband photodetection.
关键词： EuBiSe3,photothermoelectric,ultra-broadband,sensitive,photodetector,self-powered
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Epidermis inspired ultrathin 3D cellular sensors array for self-powered biomedical monitoring
摘要： Sensing devices with wearability would open the door to many advanced applications including soft robotics, artificial intelligence and healthcare monitoring. Here, inspired by the configuration of human epidermis, we present a flexible three-dimensional (3D) cellular sensor array (CSA) via a one-step thermally induced phase separation method. The CSA was framed by 3D cellular electret with caged piezoelectric nanoparticles, which was ultrathin (80 μm), lightweight and high mechanically durable. For biomedical sensing, the 3D-CSA holds a decent pressure sensitivity up to 0.19 V kPa-1 with a response time of less than 16 ms. Owing to its rigid structural symmetry, the 3D-CSA could be identically operated from both sides, and it was demonstrated to successfully measure the human heartbeat, detect the eye ball motion for sleeping quality monitoring, as well as tactile image. Mimicking the functionalities of human skin with a self-powered operation feature, the 3D-CSA was expected to represent a substantial advancement in wearable electronics for healthcare.
关键词： ultrathin,biomedical monitoring,self-powered,cellular sensors array,epidermis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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A photoelectrochemical glucose and lactose biosensor consisting of gold nanoparticles, MnO2 and g-C3N4 decorated TiO2
摘要： In this study, an innovative light-sensitive hybrid material was used for photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor fabrication. Herein, gold nanoparticles modified mesoporous TiO2 was coated on an indium tin oxide substrate, after a layer of MnO2/g-C3N4 was introduced to develop a PEC biosensor that yielded a favorable electronic interface for photo-excited electron injection. Glucose oxidase and β-galactosidase were co-immobilized on the photoanode surface via silane/glutaraldehyde linkage chemistry for glucose and lactose determination. Au NPs, g-C3N4, and MnO2 were utilized to modify quintessential semiconductor TiO2 owing to their narrow band gaps, appropriate position of the valence and conduction bands, and high visible light absorption. The p–n heterojunction formation at the interface of MnO2 and g-C3N4/TiO2 was presumed, and the heterojunction facilitates the charge transport and inhibit the recombination of excited electrons. Direct electron transfer led to the hole scavenging by FADH2, which reinforced the photocurrent. The linear measurement ranges were calculated in the range of 0.004-1.75 mM, with a sensitivity of 1.54 μAmM?1cm?2 for glucose at 0 V, and 0.008-2.50 mM, with a sensitivity of 1.66 μAmM?1cm?2 for lactose at -0.4 V. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first PEC lactose biosensor, and this study opens the door to PEC multianalyte detection.
关键词： β-galactosidase,g-C3N4,Self-powered biosensor,Glucose oxidase,Gold nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Self-powered flexible electronics beyond thermal limits
摘要： Self-powered flexible electronics using high-performance inorganic materials have been studied and developed for the essence of future electronics due to the thing, lightweight, self-sustainable, and biocompatible characteristics, which can be applied to body sensor network and next generation Internet of Things (IoT). However, most of inorganic materials should be processed in the high-temperature processes such as the semiconductor fabrication, which is not compatible flexible plastic substrates. Therefore, the new approaches must be demonstrated to overcome the thermal limits of previous methodology and achieve the flexible inorganic electronics on various flexible plastic substrates. In this review paper, we introduce the recent progress of technologies to realize flexible and high-performance inorganic electronics on plastic substrates over the thermal limits, i.e., laser-assisted procedure, chemical or mechanical exfoliation approaches. They are compatible not only to flexible plastic substrates but also to conventional device processes. We also explain the novel application devices such as flexible optoelectronics, flexible large-scale integration (LSI) devices, flexible energy harvesters, and flexible sensors using the recent-developed technologies beyond the previous thermal limit. This paper highlights the proper direction to complete future flexible inorganic electronics for high-performance self-powered systems.
关键词： High-temperature process,Self-powered device,Exfoliation,System-on-plastic,Laser technology,Flexible electronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Experimental Observation of Ultrafast THz Absorption Modulation in a Graphene-Based Metasurface
摘要： Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is a widely used smart material due to its outstanding properties. This paper presents the design, development, modeling, and prototype testing of a self-energizing and self-powered MR brake-by-wire system, whose aforementioned capabilities are enabled by brake energy harvesting. The system is composed mainly of a typical T-shaped drum-type MR brake and a wedge mechanism for self-energizing purpose. Into the system, we also install a generator that harvests regenerative energy during braking, thereby creating a self-power capability that cannot be found in common vehicular brake-by-wire systems. Brake torque analysis is conducted, and the braking process is simulated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Finite element analysis of the magnetic field, temperature field, and mechanical strength of critical components is carried out. The simulation results are used to optimize design parameters and material selection. Finally, prototypes and a corresponding test rig are established. The experimental results show that only about 30 W of power is required to generate a 315 N·m brake torque and that the regenerative power produced by the generator can be used for braking, thus fulfilling the self-power requirement. The investigation of different wedge angles indicates that considerable self-energizing occurs under a small wedge angle. The findings demonstrate that the brake actuator, which has a relatively small volume, can significantly enlarge brake torque while harvesting brake energy. This feature enables the promising application of MR fluids in automotive brake systems.
关键词： magnetorheological (MR),wedge mechanism,energy harvesting,Brake-by-wire system,self-powered capability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Cowpea-structured PVDF/ZnO Nanofibers Based Flexible Self-powered Piezoelectric Bending Motion Sensor Towards Remote Control of Gestures
摘要： Interactive human-machine interface (iHMI) is a bridge connecting human beings and robots, which has an important requirement for perceiving the change of pressure and bending angle. Here, we designed a flexible self-powered piezoelectric sensor (PES) based on the cowpea-structured PVDF/ZnO nanofibers (CPZNs) for remote control of gestures in human-machine interactive system. Due to the synergistic piezoelectric effect of hybrid PVDF/ZnO and the flexibility of polymer, this PES exhibited excellent bending sensitivity of 4.4 mV deg-1 ranging widely from 44 ° to 122 °, fast response time of 76 ms, and good mechanical stability. Besides, the PES could operate under both bending and pressing mode, show ultrahigh pressing sensitivity of 0.33 V kPa-1, with response time of 16 ms. When integrated in iHMI, the PES could be conformably covered on different curve surfaces, demonstrated accurate bending angle recording and fast recognition for realizing intelligent human-machine interaction. On this basis, the application of remote control of robotic hand was successfully realized in form of acting the same gesture as human hand synchronously. This CPZNs-based self-powered PES is distinct and unique in its structure and fundamental mechanism, and exhibits a prospective potential application in iHMI.
关键词： human-machine interaction,cowpea-structured nanofiber,bending monitoring,self-powered,PVDF/ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Structural Design and Pyroelectric Property of SnS/CdS Heterojunctions Contrived for Low-Temperature Visible Photodetectors
摘要： The traditional photodetectors based on photoelectric effect exhibit inferior response or even out of operation with the decrease of temperature. However, cryogenic visible light detection is increasingly demanded in deep space and polar exploration. Herein, a self-powered visible photodetector coupling pyroelectricity and photoelectricity to optimize the cryogenic detecting performance is designed in which hydrothermally grown CdS nanorod array is covered by SnS nanoflakes. The choice of SnS allows the detector with strong visible light absorption and great photoelectric conversion efficiency, while the CdS nanorod structure with pyroelectricity can effectively modulate the behavior of photogenerated carriers at low temperatures. It is found that the response characteristics of the photodetector are dominated by the combination of pyroelectric and photoelectric effects, which becomes more significant with the reduced temperature. Specifically, at 130 K temperature, the photoresponse current under 650 nm light is improved by 7.5 times as that at room temperature, while the ratio of pyroelectric current to photocurrent can be increased to 400%. Meanwhile, the responsivity and detectivity are as high as 10.4 mA W?1 and 3.56 × 1011 Jones, respectively. This work provides a promising approach to develop high-performance self-powered visible photodetectors with low-temperature operating capability.
关键词： pyroelectric,CdS,photodetectors,self-powered,low temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01