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Microvascular Capillary Plexus Findings of Commotio Retinae on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
摘要： Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histopathology features of commotio retinae (CR) have been established, but alterations of the microvascular macular capillary plexus on OCT angiography (OCTA) has not been previously studied. We present a 46-year-old man who sustained a tennis ball injury to the right eye with visual acuity reduction to 20/30 and grey-white deep macular discoloration, suggestive of CR. Spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) showed increased reflectivity and thickness of the ellipsoid zone (junction of photoreceptor inner and outer segments). OCTA revealed no apparent microvascular alterations (right versus left eye) in the foveal avascular zone superficial (0.42 vs. 0.43 mm2) and deep (0.45 vs. 0.44 mm2), superficial foveal capillary density (34.1 vs. 32.6%), and superficial parafoveal capillary density (55.2 vs. 52.2%). Deep macular capillary plexus and choriocapillaris were qualitatively comparable between the two eyes. At 2 months’ follow-up, SD-OCT had normalized. CR is characterized by disruption of the ellipsoid zone without detectable alteration of the capillary plexuses.
关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography,Commotio retinae,Berlin’s edema,Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,Traumatic maculopathy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Retinal photoreceptor apoptosis is associated with impaired serum ionized calcium homeostasis in diabetic retinopathy: An in-vivo analysis
摘要： Purpose: The aim of this work was to study the association of serum ionized calcium with retinal photoreceptor apoptosis on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Sixty consecutive cases with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized into three groups: no diabetic retinopathy; non-proliferative DR; proliferative DR. The eye with more severe form of the disease was considered. Twenty healthy controls were also included. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured on logMAR scale. Retinal photoreceptor apoptosis was defined as disruption of retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ). Ellipsoid zone disruption was assessed using SD-OCT. Serum levels of total and ionized calcium were measured using standard protocol. Results: EZ disruption was found to be positively associated with serum total calcium and ionized calcium. Also, EZ disruption was found to be positively associated with logMAR BCVA. Conclusion: Increased serum ionized calcium induces retinal photoreceptor apoptosis resulting in increased EZ disruption in DR.
关键词： Ionized calcium,Retinal photoreceptor apoptosis,Diabetic retinopathy,Autophagy,Ellipsoid zone,Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Impact of segmentation density on spectral domain optical coherence tomography assessment in Stargardt disease
摘要： Purpose Automated spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) segmentation algorithms currently do not perform well in segmenting individual intraretinal layers in eyes with Stargardt disease (STGD). We compared selective B-scan segmentation strategies for generating mean retinal layer thickness and preserved area data from SD-OCT scans in patients with STGD1. Methods Forty-five eyes from 40 Stargardt patients were randomly selected from the ongoing Natural History of the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) study. All eyes underwent SD-OCT using a standard macular volume consisting of 1024 × 49 equally spaced B-scans within a 20 × 20 degree field centered on the fovea. All 49 B-scans were segmented manually to quantify total retina, outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor inner segments, photoreceptor outer segments (OS), and retinal pigment epithelial layer (RPE). Mean thickness and total area were generated using all 49 B-scans (spaced 122 μm apart), 25 B-scans (every other B-scan, spaced 240 μm apart), 17 B-scans (every third scan, 353 μm apart), and 13 B-scans (every fourth scan, 462 μm apart), as well as by using an Badaptive^ method where a subset (minimum 25 B-scans) of B-scans that the grader deemed as significantly different from adjacent B-scans were utilized. Mean absolute and percentage errors were calculated for macular thickness and area of different retinal layers for the different B-scan subset selection strategies relative to using all 49 B-scans, which was considered the reference or ground truth. Results Mean thickness and area measurements were significantly different for any regularly spaced reduction in B-scan density relative to the ground truth. When an adaptive approach was applied using a minimum of half the scans, the differences relative to ground truth were no longer significantly different. The mean percent differences for the area and thicknesses of the various layers ranged from 0.02 to 33.66 (p < 0.05 for all comparisons) and 0.44 to 7.24 (p > 0.05) respectively. Conclusion Manual segmentation of a subset of B-scans using an adaptive strategy can yield thickness and area measurements of retinal sublayers comparable to the reference ground truth derived from using all B-scans in the volume. These results may have implications for increasing the efficiency of SD-OCT grading strategies in clinical trials for STGD and other related macular degenerative disorders.
关键词： Stargardt,Segmentation density,Spectral domain optical coherence tomography,Retinal layers
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography foveal morphology as a prognostic factor for vision performance in congenital aniridia
摘要： Background: Patients with congenital aniridia usually have some degree of foveal hypoplasia, thus representing a limiting factor in the final visual acuity achieved by these patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the foveal morphology assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography may serve as a prognostic indicator for best-corrected visual acuity in congenital aniridia patients. Methods: Observational two-center study performed between January 2012 and March 2017 in the pediatric ophthalmology department at Vissum Alicante and Vissum Madrid, Spain. A total of 31 eyes from 19 patients with congenital aniridia were included. After a complete ophthalmological examination, a high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a three-dimensional scan program macular protocol was used. A morphological grading system of foveal hypoplasia was used varying from grade 1 in which there is a presence of a shallow foveal pit, extrusion of inner retinal layers, outer nuclear layer widening, and a presence of outer segment lengthening to grade 4 in which none of these processes occur. Results: No correlation between central, mid-peripheral, and peripheral macular thickness and logMAR best-corrected visual acuity was found. The presence of outer segment lengthening was associated with better best-corrected visual acuity with a median best-corrected visual acuity, 0.30 logMAR, whereas the absence of this morphologic feature was associated with poorer VA with a median best-corrected visual acuity of 0.61 logMAR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Foveal hypoplasia morphology can predict the best-corrected visual acuity. Specifically, the morphologic optical coherence tomography feature that is related to a better best-corrected visual acuity in congenital aniridia patients is the presence of outer segment lengthening.
关键词： Congenital aniridia,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,foveal hypoplasia
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Spectral versus Time-Domain OCT in Detecting Preoperative Epiretinal Membranes that Accompany Macular Holes
摘要： Purpose: To compare the sensitivities of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) versus time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) in identifying epiretinal membranes (ERM) preoperatively in patients who underwent surgery for full-thickness macular holes (FTMH). Methods: This is an interventional retrospective case series of 59 eyes diagnosed with FTMHs who underwent 25-G pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling between 2009 and 2015. Preoperative OCTs were obtained by SD-OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany) or TD-OCT (Stratus, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Volume scans were reviewed for ERM accompanying the FTMH. This was compared to indocyanine green-negative staining and intraoperative findings of ERM as the gold standard. Results: Baseline characteristics between the SD-OCT and TD-OCT groups were comparable. Mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 41.4 weeks (±49.0). Of 59 eyes, 33 (55.9%) exhibited an ERM intraoperatively. Four ERMs (SD-OCT group) compared to 12 (TD-OCT group) were not visualized on preoperative OCT (p = 0.003). Sensitivity and specificity of SD-OCT in ERM detection was 79% and 100% compared to 14% and 91% for TD-OCT. Visual acuity improved in both arms (0.5 and 0.3 logMAR units in SD-OCT and TD-OCT, respectively (p = 0.002, 0.0002). Conclusions: We found that SD-OCT was superior to TD-OCT in identifying the presence of ERM preoperatively in patients who underwent macular hole surgery. Since ERMs may decrease the chance of successful pharmacologic vitreolysis, we recommend using SD-OCT over TD-OCT in the evaluation of patients with FTMH to more accurately identify ERMs and allow more comprehensive treatment decisions (pharmacologic versus surgical).
关键词： Epiretinal membrane,Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,Macular hole,Time-domain optical coherence tomography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Is Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Always Able to Detect the Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Action on Neovascular Membrane
摘要： Purpose: To show the presence of an active neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration even if optical coherence tomography (OCT) does not detect intra- or sub-retinal edema. Methods: This is a retrospective case report. During the follow-up after the intravitreal injection, 3 patients showed no intraretinal or subretinal edema by OCT; however, there was a progressive reduction in their visual acuity; thus, a fluorangiography (FA) examination was performed. Results: In these 3 cases, FA showed an active neovascular network. Conclusion: OCT could show a real reduction in the edema, but it is not always able to detect neovessel presence. Intravitreal injection could improve the vessel permeability without care and delete the neovascular network.
关键词： Intravitreal injection,Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,Age-related macular degeneration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Long-term Characterization of Retinal Degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons Rats Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
摘要： PURPOSE. Prospective treatments for age-related macular degeneration and inherited retinal degenerations are commonly evaluated in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat before translation into clinical application. Historically, retinal thickness obtained through postmortem anatomic assessments has been a key outcome measure; however, utility of this measurement is limited because it precludes the ability to perform longitudinal studies. To overcome this limitation, the present study was designed to provide a baseline longitudinal quantification of retinal thickness in the RCS rat by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS. Horizontal and vertical linear SD-OCT scans centered on the optic nerve were captured from Long-Evans control rats at P30, P60, P90 and from RCS rats between P17 and P90. Total retina (TR), outer nuclear layer+ (ONL+), inner nuclear layer (INL), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) thicknesses were quantified. Histologic sections of RCS retina obtained from P21 to P60 were compared to SD-OCT images. RESULTS. In RCS rats, TR and ONL+ thickness decreased significantly as compared to Long-Evans controls. Changes in INL and RPE thickness were not significantly different between control and RCS retinas. From P30 to P90 a subretinal hyperreflective layer (HRL) was observed and quantified in RCS rats. After correlation with histology, the HRL was identified as disorganized outer segments and the location of accumulated debris. CONCLUSIONS. Retinal layer thickness can be quantified longitudinally throughout the course of retinal degeneration in the RCS rat by using SD-OCT. Thickness measurements obtained with SD-OCT were consistent with previous anatomic thickness assessments. This study provides baseline data for future longitudinal assessment of therapeutic agents in the RCS rat.
关键词： MERTK,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,inherited retinal degeneration,animal models,Royal College of Surgeons Rat
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Reproducibility of Disc and Macula Optical Coherence Tomography using the Canon OCT-HS100 as Compared with the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT
摘要： Purpose: In a clinical setting, the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is strongly dependent on reproducibility of the measurement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate macula and optic disc measurement reproducibility with the new spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) from Canon (Canon OCT-HS100) and to compare reproducibility and obtained measurements with the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT. Methods: Macula and optic disc parameters from the right eyes of 31 subjects were obtained twice with both instruments. Interoperator reproducibility was evaluated by use of the coefficient of repeatability (CR), and the obtained measurements were compared between the instruments. Results: No difference in interoperator reproducibility could be found when comparing the 2 instruments and reproducibility ranged from 3.94% to 12.77% for optic disc parameters and from 1.19% to 3.54% for macula parameters. The lowest reproducibility was found for cup volume and vertical cup/disc ratio with both instruments. For all macula and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements, there was a statistical difference when comparing the 2 instruments, except for RFNL measurements of the superior quadrant, with the Canon OCT-HS100 always evaluating the thickness to be thicker; however, the 2 instruments correlated well. Conclusions: The Canon OCT-HS100 is a reproducible instrument that matches the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT well. It remains to be evaluated how sensitive the Canon OCT-HS100 is to detect small subtle changes in optic disc parameters and macular nerve fiber layer thickness. Furthermore, due to the differences in thickness estimation, it is important to emphasize that SD-OCTs are not interchangeable.
关键词： Canon OCT-HS100,Reproducibility,Spectral domain,Optical coherence tomography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Comparing fundus autofluorescence and infrared imaging findings of peripheral retinoschisis, schisis detachment, and retinal detachment
摘要： Purpose: The primary goal of this study was to identify characteristic features of peripheral degenerative retinoschisis (RS), schisis detachment (SD) and retinal detachment (RD) on both fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and infrared (IR) imaging, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging of the peripheral retina as the confirmatory imaging tool. Methods: This is a descriptive case series study. A total of 27 eyes of 22 patients were included. Thirteen eyes of 10 patients diagnosed with RS, 4 eyes of 3 patients diagnosed with SD, and 10 eyes of 9 patients diagnosed with RD were included. Patients with images of poor quality were excluded. Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + OCT machine (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were used to acquire the images. Results: All conditions appeared as areas of hypo-AF on FAF and hypo-reflectance on IR imaging. Accentuated vasculature of the lesion was noted with IR imaging due to elevation of the RS and RD, which was less frequently observed with FAF. On FAF, a hyper-AF leading edge around the RS lesion indicated the presence of intraretinal or subretinal fluid and an extension of the RS. Retinal breaks/holes were best visualized with IR imaging. SD-OCT confirmed the diagnosis in all performed cases. Conclusions: We were unable to differentiate between RS and RD based solely on findings from FAF and IR imaging. However, the combination of them with SD-OCT can assist in the diagnosis of RS from RD and in the evaluation of RS progression. OCT remains the main modality imaging to differentiate these conditions.
关键词： Retinoschisis,Retinal detachment,Fundus autofluorescence,Infrared imaging,Spectral domain optical coherence tomography,Schisis detachment
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[Lecture Notes in Computer Science] Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision Volume 11256 (First Chinese Conference, PRCV 2018, Guangzhou, China, November 23-26, 2018, Proceedings, Part I) || Automated and Robust Geographic Atrophy Segmentation for Time Series SD-OCT Images
摘要： Geographic atrophy (GA), mainly characterized by atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which will lead to vision loss. Automated and robust GA segmentation in three-dimensional (3D) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images is still an enormous challenge. This paper presents an automated and robust GA segmentation method based on object tracking strategy for time series SD-OCT volumetric images. Considering the sheer volume of data, it is unrealistic for experts to segment GA lesion region manually. However, in our proposed scenario, experts only need to manually calibrate GA lesion area for the ?rst moment of each patient, and then the GA of the following moments will be automatically detected. In order to fully embody the outstanding features of GA, a new sample construction method is proposed for more e?ectively extracting histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features to generate random forest models. The experiments on SD-OCT cubes from 10 eyes in 7 patients with GA demonstrate that our results have a high correlation with the manual segmentations. The average of correlation coe?cients and overlap ratio for GA projection area are 0.9881 and 82.62%, respectively.
关键词： HOG features,Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,Image segmentation,Geographic atrophy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01