研究目的
Investigating the processing strategies for an organic photovoltaic module to achieve over 10% efficiency using a non-fullerene acceptor blend processed in ambient and/or without halogenated solvents.
研究成果
The work represents an important step forward in the development of OPV materials for fabricating large-scale OPV modules with extremely high figures of merit, inferring that OPV cells can reach commercialization. A certified PCE of >10% was demonstrated for a module fabricated under ambient with an area of 20.4 cm2, the largest value reported to date for a solution-processed solar cell module.
研究不足
The study demonstrates high PCEs for OPV modules but notes the need for further optimization of blend performance parameters and the replacement of difficultly implemented MoO3 with a more scalable HTL interlayer for commercialization.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study utilized a series of readily accessible and scalable benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b0]dithiophene (BDT)-2,5-dithienyl-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD-T2)-based donor polymers blended with the non-fullerene acceptor IT-4F. The photoactive blend films were processed in ambient from a chlorine-free solvent to fabricate cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) >12%–14%.
2:4F. The photoactive blend films were processed in ambient from a chlorine-free solvent to fabricate cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) >12%–14%. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: The polymers and acceptor were synthesized and characterized for their physical properties, including UV-vis absorption, PL, fsTA, AFM, TEM, GIWAXS, and SCLC measurements.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Instruments used include a Bruker Avance 500 MHz spectrometer for NMR, Hitachi U-3900 and F-7000 spectrometers for UV-vis absorption and PL spectra, CH Instruments electrochemical analyzer for CV, Mettler Toledo DSC822e for DSC, TA-600 for TGA, and a Polymer Laboratories PL-GPC 220 instrument for molecular mass determination.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
OPV cells with inverted structures were fabricated using o-xylene as the solvent, with the blend spin-coated in an N2-filled glove box and annealed under N2. Modules were fabricated with an active area of 20.4 cm2 and characterized under AM 1.5 G solar irradiation.
5:Modules were fabricated with an active area of 4 cm2 and characterized under AM 5 G solar irradiation. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: The performance metrics of the OPV cells and modules were recorded using a Keithley 2400 source measurement unit under a simulated AM 1.5 G spectrum. EQE spectra were taken using an Enlitech QE-R spectrometer.
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Bruker Avance 500 MHz spectrometer
Avance 500 MHz
Bruker
Used for measuring 1H and 13C NMR spectra.
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Hitachi U-3900 spectrometer
U-3900
Hitachi
Used for UV-vis absorption spectra measurements.
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Hitachi F-7000 spectrometer
F-7000
Hitachi
Used for PL spectra measurements.
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CH Instruments electrochemical analyzer
CH Instruments
Used for cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements.
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Mettler Toledo DSC822e
DSC822e
Mettler Toledo
Used for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements.
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TA-600 instrument
TA-600
Used for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) scans.
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Polymer Laboratories PL-GPC 220 instrument
PL-GPC 220
Polymer Laboratories
Used for determining polymer molecular masses.
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