1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the development of a water-soluble ink based on polyaniline for forming hole-transport layers (HTLs) for perovskite solar cells using the ink-jet printing method. The optical properties and surface morphology of these layers were studied to determine the optimal printing conditions.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The samples included layers of a complex of polyaniline and polysulfonic acid printed on glass substrates with an optically transparent electrically conducting ITO layer.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment used included an Epson Stylus Photo P50 jet printer, an Ubbelohde viscometer, a Shimadzu UV-3101PC spectrophotometer, an Enviroscope AFM-microscope with a Nanoscope V controller, a KLA-Tencor D-100 Profiler stylus profile meter, a Keithley Source Measurement unit, and an Oriel 96000 solar simulator.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The PANI–PAMPSA complex was printed onto heated ITO-coated glass substrates, annealed, and then layers of perovskite, fullerene C60, a blocking layer, and Al electrodes were successively deposited. The layers' properties were then analyzed.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The electronic absorption spectra were recorded, atomic-force microscopy was performed, layer thicknesses were determined, and the current–voltage characteristics of the solar cell samples were measured.