1：Experimental Design and Method Selection

The study employed an ultrasonic-sprayed nebulous deposition technique to prepare CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films. The method involved sequential spraying of PbI2 and MAI aerosols onto FTO coated glass substrates under a controlled nitrogen environment.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources

FTO coated glass substrates were used as the base for deposition. The substrates were cleaned and treated with oxygen plasma before deposition. The precursor solutions were prepared using PbI2 powder dissolved in DMF and MAI powder dissolved in anhydrous ethanol.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials

Ultrasonic generator for aerosol generation, nitrogen gas as a carrier, FTO coated glass substrates, PbI2 and MAI powders, DMF and anhydrous ethanol as solvents, UV–Vis spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, surface photovoltage spectroscopy setup.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow

1. Cleaning and plasma treatment of FTO substrates. 2. Preparation of PbI2 and MAI precursor solutions. 3. Sequential spraying of PbI2 and MAI aerosols onto the substrate. 4. Annealing of the perovskite films. 5. Characterization using XRD, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and SPV spectroscopy.

5：Data Analysis Methods

XRD data analysis for structural properties, UV–Vis spectroscopy for optical properties, SEM for surface morphology, and SPV spectroscopy for charge separation and transport behavior.