1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involves the preparation of NiOx films doped with different Li contents to modulate their energy levels. The effects on carrier dynamics are examined using ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer, transient photovoltage/photocurrent, and transient fluorescence dynamics.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Perovskite solar cells with a structure of glass/ITO/n%Li:NiOx/[(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15]0.95(CsPbI3)0.05/PCBM/BCP/Ag are fabricated. The morphologies and electronic structures of the films are characterized.

3：85(MAPbBr3)15]95(CsPbI3)05/PCBM/BCP/Ag are fabricated. The morphologies and electronic structures of the films are characterized. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption spectra, steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and transient fluorescence spectroscopy (TRPL) are used.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The NiOx films are spin-coated onto ITO substrates and post-annealed. Perovskite films are prepared and deposited on these substrates. The devices are then completed with additional layers and electrodes.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The data are analyzed to understand the charge transfer and recombination dynamics, with a focus on the impact of Li doping on the energy level alignment and device performance.