研究目的
Investigating the enhancement of red upconversion emission in Er3+-sensitized NaLuF4 crystals through energy trapping under multiple excitation wavelengths.
研究成果
The study demonstrates that cross-relaxation quenching and energy migration to internal lattice defects can be simultaneously suppressed by con?ning the excitation energy in the Er3+ activator through the introduction of Tm3+ or Ho3+ trapping centers. This leads to enhanced red UC emission in Er3+-sensitized NaLuF4 crystals, which can be efficiently excited by multiple wavelengths, offering advantages for applications in bioimaging, anticounterfeiting, and solar cells.
研究不足
The study is limited by the need for optimal doping concentrations of Tm3+ and Ho3+ to maximize the con?ning efficiency of excitation energy while minimizing nonradiation loss. Additionally, the practical applications in bioimaging and solar cells require further optimization of the materials for specific uses.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the synthesis of β-NaLuF4:Er crystals with different Lu3+ to Er3+ ratios and the introduction of Tm3+ or Ho3+ as energy trapping centers. The methodology included the use of hydrothermal synthesis for crystal preparation.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples were prepared with varying ratios of Lu3+ to Er3+ and different concentrations of Tm3+ and Ho3+. Data were collected using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and upconversion photoluminescence spectra.
3：3+. Data were collected using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and upconversion photoluminescence spectra. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included a D-Max 2200VPC XRD, Oxford Quanta 400F SEM, Edinburgh Instrument Company FLS980/FLS920 spectrometer, and an Olympus BX51 microscope. Materials included Lu(NO3)3, Yb(NO3)3, Er(NO3)3, Tm(NO3)3, Ho(NO3)3, citric acid, and NaOH.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The synthesis involved mixing Ln(NO3)3 with citric acid and NaOH, followed by the addition of NaF and hydrothermal treatment. The products were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, and luminescence spectroscopy.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The luminescence properties were analyzed using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The decay lifetime was calculated based on the emission intensity over time.
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