1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved synthesizing carbon xerogel nanoparticles (CX-NPs) and evaluating their photothermal properties for cancer therapy. Methods included sol-gel synthesis, characterization using electron microscopy, and in vitro and in vivo assays to assess cytotoxicity and tumor inhibition.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Mouse malignant melanoma C540 (B16/F10) cells and male balb/c mice were used. Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium, and mice were implanted with tumor cells subcutaneously.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a Zeiss Sigma-IGMA/VP FESEM microscope, Zeiss-EM10C TEM microscope, Rayleigh UV-2601 spectrophotometer, Thorlabs diode laser system, Lutron thermoprobe, Biotek microplate reader, and Olympus microscope. Materials included cathechol, formaldehyde, ethanol, HCl, MTT, DMSO, ketamin, xylazine, and various chemicals from Sigma, Scharlau, and Merck.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis of CX-NPs via sol-gel process and carbonization. Characterization by UV-vis, FESEM, and TEM. Photothermal testing with laser irradiation. In vitro cytotoxicity using MTT assay on cells treated with CX-NPs and laser. In vivo studies on tumor-bearing mice with intratumoral injections and laser irradiation, followed by tumor volume measurement and histological analysis.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test and t-test with GraphPad Prism 6 software; p<0.05 considered significant.