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Repression of melanoma tumor in vitro and in vivo by photothermal effect of carbon xerogel nanoparticles
摘要： A N U S C RIP T including photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. Since conventional strategies of cancer treatment have not responded to this serious disease, development of efficient alternative and promising strategies is highly desirable. In this study, carbon xerogel nanoparticles (CX-NPs) were synthesized as a novel photothermal nanomaterial and activated upon laser light of 808-nm wavelength for cancer phototherapy application. The synthesized CX-NPs had a spherical shape with a size of about 16 nm that showed nice photothermal conversion ability. Upon light irradiation with a power density of 1.0 W cm-2 for 15 min, a temperature increment occurred. A concentration-dependent cytotoxicity was also obtained for CX-NPs toward the C540 (B16/F10) cell line upon light irradiation, while CX-NPs presented biocompatibility in the mice model in dark. Photothermal property of CX-NPs efficiently led to reduction in the cell viability. A low-dose of CX-NPs was also applied in PTT of a melanoma tumor-bearing animal model. Based on tumor histopathological evaluations and volume change measurements in mice, a very good control of tumor situations after PTT by CX-NPs was attained. The findings revealed that CX-NPs is a good and novel photoabsorber for PTT of cancer.
关键词： Nanomedicine,Diode laser,Photothermal therapy,Carbon nanostructure,Cancer
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Controllable Synthesis of Special Reed-Leaf-Like Carbon Nanostructures Using Copper Containing Catalytic Pyrolysis for High-Performance Field Emission
摘要： Special reed-leaf-like carbon nanostructures have been realized by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under the combined action of copper containing catalytic pyrolysis and ammonia (NH3) gas. The nucleation and growth mechanisms of CNLs based on growth parameters are discussed. The Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNLs and CNT-CNL composites were measured and found to be strongly influenced by the type of gas. Field emission (FE) properties of CNL-CNT composites were observed with a lower turn-on electric field of 0.73 V/μm, and a higher current density of 18.0 mA/cm2 at an electric field of 2.65 V/μm, which are superior to those of CNTs and flower-like CNLs. This is because there are more field emitters in CNLs inter-planted in CNTs. We consider that the unique FE stability of CNTs and defects in CNLs play a synergetic role on the improved FE properties.
关键词： carbon nanostructure,catalytic pyrolysis,field emission properties,copper catalyst
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Etch Characteristics of Si and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures Using Pulse Biased Inductively Coupled Plasmas
摘要： The etch characteristics of Si and TiO2 nanostructures for optical devices were investigated using pulse biased inductively coupled plasmas (ICP) with SF6/C4F8/Ar and BCl3/Ar, respectively, and the results were compared with those etched using continuous wave (CW) biased ICP. By using pulse biasing compared to CW biasing in the etching in the line/pillar nanostructures of various aspect ratios, the reduction of aspect ratio dependent etching (ARDE), therefore, uniform etch depths for nanostructures with different pattern widths, and the improvement of the etch profiles without notching were obtained not only for silicon nanostructures but also for TiO2 nanostructures. It is investigated that the improvement of etch profiles and less ARDE effect by using pulse biasing are related to the decreased surface charging by neutralization of the surface and the improved radical adsorption (or etch byproduct removal) on the etched surfaces during the pulse-off period for the pulse biasing compared to CW biasing.
关键词： TiO2 nanostructure,Aspect ratio dependent etch (ARDE),Pulsed plasma etching,Etch profile,Si nanostructure
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Broadband plasmonic absorber based on all silicon nanostructure resonators in visible region
摘要： We present a broadband plasmonic absorber (PA) based on all silicon nanostructure resonators in visible region, which can be functioned as metamaterial (MM) blackbody for nearly all light radiation. Distinct from previous designs, the proposed PA is only consisted of periodic all silicon circular-split-ring (CSR) nanostructure resonators array adhered on a continuous gold substrate. Simulation results indicate that the absorbance of the proposed PA is greater 98% from 514 THz to 638 THz, and the absorption peak is up to 99.9% at 520 THz and 626.5 THz, respectively. The proposed PA is polarization-insensitive and toleration of wide incident angles for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. In addition, the designed PA can tolerate some geometric parameters errors in fabrication. Thus, the proposed PA for MM blackbody can be potential application in the photodetectors, thermal imaging, photoelectrochemical, and solar energy harvesting devices.
关键词： Broadband,Silicon nanostructure,Circular split ring,Plasmonic absorber,Visible light
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Mechanistic insights into the effect of polymer regioregularity on thermal stability of polymer solar cells
摘要： Thermal stability is a bottleneck toward commercialization of polymer solar cells (PSCs). The effect of PCBM aggregation in multi-length-scale on the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure, performance, and thermal stability of PSCs is studied here by grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The evolution of hierarchical BHJ structures of the blend film tuned by regioregularity of polymers from the as-cast state to the thermally unstable state was systematically investigated. The thermal stability of PSCs with high polymer regioregularity value can be improved because of the good mutual interaction between polymer crystallites and fullerene aggregation. The insights obtained from this study provide an approach to manipulate the film structure in a multi-length scale and to enhance the thermal stability of P3HT-based PSCs.
关键词： PCBM aggregation,bulk heterojunction,nanostructure,polymer solar cell,GIXRD,thermal stability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Nanosecond laser irradiation of soot particles: insights on structure and optical properties
摘要： In spite of the advances in laser diagnostics in combustion, the effect of rapid laser irradiation on the physical/chemical properties of soot particles is far from being comprehensively understood. Optical properties, particle nanostructure and aggregate size of laser-irradiated soot particles are analyzed in this paper. Carbonaceous particles sampled from nitrogen-quenched diffusion flames of ethylene and methane are irradiated on-line by a 1064-nm short laser pulse. Wavelength-resolved extinction measurements in the visible range are used to follow their transformation by varying the laser energy density. A variation of the extinction coefficient of the irradiated particles compared to the extinction coefficient of the pristine ones is observed, especially for ethylene soot. The particle nanostructures are analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and the effect of laser irradiation on aggregate structure is evaluated by measuring particle size distributions. The results indicate that both soot nanostructure and optical properties are strongly dependent on the laser energy density when irradiated by a laser source. This is significant for ethylene soot, while for methane soot the degree of variation of such properties is less pronounced, at least in the investigated heating conditions.
关键词： Raman spectroscopy,optical properties,laser-heating,Soot,nanostructure,LII
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 8th International Symposium on Next Generation Electronics (ISNE) - Zhengzhou, China (2019.10.9-2019.10.10)] 2019 8th International Symposium on Next Generation Electronics (ISNE) - Study on plasmonic effect of perovskite solar cells based on nanofilm structure
摘要： In this work, a theoretical analysis of plasmonic enhancement of Ag particles embedded in CaTiO3 thin-film layer for ZnO structure solar cells is presented. Due to the introduction of Ag particles, the absorption of solar cell is enhanced, owning to the strong surface plasmon absorption of Ag particles and synergistic effect between Ag and CaTiO3. In our analysis, the optimized radius of Ag particles is 80nm. The average absorption efficiency of the optimized nano- structure can achieve 80%, which is 24% higher than that of pure CaTiO3 thin-film layer structure. We believe the proposed Ag/CaTiO3 solar cells structure could be a potential candidate for future industry manufacture with low-cost and simple fabrication process.
关键词： GaTiO3 Thin Film Layer,NanoStructure,Solar Cell,Plasmonic
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Gold Nanoearbuds: Seed-Mediated Synthesis and the Emergence of Three Plasmonic Peaks
摘要： We demonstrate the first successful synthesis of reasonably monodisperse and single crystalline gold nano-earbuds (Au NEBs) using a binary surfactant mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (BDAC) in a seed-mediated growth method. We have focused on the key chemical parameters behind the formation and growth of Au NEBs to result in tunable dimensions (lengths 37-77 nm; widths 4-6 nm and aspect ratios 7-19), as a consequence of which the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak could be tuned beyond 1200 nm. The achievement of LSPR beyond 1200 nm while maintaining the dimension well below 100 nm is a challenging accomplishment in the realm of 1D Au nanostructures. This earbud-like morphology additionally exhibits three plasmonic peaks, rather uncommon for 1D nanostructure, which were analyzed theoretically based on finite element method. The new resonance peak of Au NEB was assigned as an additional longitudinal mode intensified by the bulbous ends as well as the high-aspect ratio, thereby providing conclusive evidence that it is indeed a new morphology.
关键词： Au nano-earbud,Seed-mediated growth,Surface plasmon resonance,1D nanostructure,3D finite element method
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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?± spiral nanoslit and the higher order plasmonic vortex generation
摘要： In view of the conciseness of a spiral nanoslit and the limited order of the generated vortex, a kind of nanometer spirals named α spirals are proposed to generate the higher order plasmonic vortex. Theoretical analysis provides the basis for the advancement of α spiral. The proposed spiral can generate the plasmonic vortex and the extreme order of the generated vortex depends on the parameter α. The numerical simulations definite the valid region of the plasmonic vortex generated by the α spiral. Discussions about the validity range of the α spiral nanoslit and the influence of the film material are beneficial to generate the high order vortex. This work builds a platform for the generation of the higher order plasmonic vortex using the simple spiral nanostructure and it can extend the potential applications of higher order plasmonic vortices.
关键词： Theory and design,Plasmonic vortex,Nanostructure,Surface Plasmons
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ultrafast pump-probe ellipsometry and microscopy reveal the surface dynamics of femtosecond laser ablation of aluminium and stainless steel
摘要： An ultra-short laser pulse irradiated surface passes through a sequence of physical processes that occur over a wide temporal range, from femtoseconds to microseconds. In this paper for the first time, the complete laser ablation process for industrially relevant metals, aluminium (Al) and stainless steel (AISI 304) is tracked from the initial pulse impact to the final state. Time-resolved surface analytical techniques provide a complementary description of the surface dynamics. The pump-probe ellipsometry reveals changes of the complex refractive index for the first tens of picoseconds and time-resolved microscopy of the irradiated surface gives access to changes of the relative reflectivity from the initial femtosecond pulse impact to the final state at 10 μs. The changes in optical indices are affected by an ultrafast decrease in the density of the surface within the pressure unloading process in the first picoseconds and reveal spallation as the dominant mechanism for laser ablation in Al and stainless steel. The study also implies that the ablation volume is kept at an optimum when the ablation is initiated with ultrafast pulses within the pressure unloading process and is able to evolve over eight orders of magnitude without external perturbations.
关键词： Time-resolved ellipsometry,Spallation,Laser ablation,Nanostructure,Pump-probe reflectometry
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59