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General Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Rare-Earth Orthovanadate Thin Films and Their Use as Photocatalysts and Phosphors for Lighting Applications
摘要： Herein, the block copolymer templating sol-gel synthesis of a novel class of ternary oxide nanomaterials is reported. NdVO4, EuVO4, GdVO4, DyVO4, YVO4, and TmVO4 have been prepared as open mesoporous films by the dip-coating method using hydrated rare-earth nitrate salt precursors along with vanadium oxytrichloride. All materials crystallize in the tetragonal ZrSiO4-type structure with space-group I41/amd. Short-term treatment at 550 °C is found sufficient to initiate crystallization. Characterization via X-ray and electron diffraction, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry confirms the single-phase nature and uniformity of the different orthovanadates with tailorable crystallite sizes. The integrated results from electron and atomic force microscopy, Kr-physisorption as well as in-situ and ex-situ synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering reveal that the porosity persists throughout the thickness of films and the mesoscopic ordering is retained even after heating in air at 700 °C. Photobleaching experiments indicate that the sol-gel derived materials, showing an indirect band gap transition at (3.8±0.1) eV, exhibit good photocatalytic properties—the activity is highly superior to that of bulk films of the same nominal composition. Moreover, when doping GdVO4, YVO4, and solid solution GdVO4-YVO4 with trivalent rare-earth ions such as Eu3+, Dy3+, Er3+, or Tm3+ ions, the films hold promise as phosphors for lighting applications, which might pave the way toward development of (3-dimensional) intricate nanocomposites with unprecedented functionalities.
关键词： Block copolymer templating,ternary metal oxide nanostructure,photocatalyst,phosphor,sol-gel chemistry
更新于2025-11-21 10:59:37
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Wafer-Scale Si Nanoconed Arrays Induced Syngas in the Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction
摘要： Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction offers a promising way to carry out the CO2 sequestration and develop the carbon-neutral technology. Doped Si is by far one of the most technologically important semiconductors with high conductivity and narrow bandgap, potential for CO2 reduction. However, the previous reports on PEC CO2 reduction over Si electrodes were not involved with many nanostructures. Syngas, a kind of chemical feedstocks and a crucial intermediate for hydrocarbon fuels, is highly demanded for industry. Herein, we used a wafer-scale nanoconed Si arrays substrate to load the metallic nanoparticles (Au and Cu). Effective PEC CO2 reduction into syngas was achieved in the aqueous solution with no sacrificial reagents. In contrast, planar Si seldom generated CO under the same reactant environment. Our finding deepens the comprehension of PEC CO2 reduction over the nanostructured materials and gives an inspiration for rational design of the PEC catalysts towards solar-to-chemical conversion.
关键词： Si,photoelectrochemical (PEC),CO2 reduction,nanostructure,syngas
更新于2025-11-19 16:51:07
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Building Intermixed Donor-Acceptor Architectures for Water-Processable Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： A modified synthesis method for aqueous nanoparticle printing inks, based upon vacuum-assisted solvent removal, is reported. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) : phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester nanoparticle inks were prepared via this modified miniemulsion method; leading to both an improvement in photoactive layer morphology and a substantial reduction in the ink fabrication time. A combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy measurements revealed a nanoparticle morphology comprised of highly intermixed donor-acceptor domains. Consistent with these measurements, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of the nanoparticles showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 104 °C, rather than a pure polymer phase or pure fullerene phase Tg. Together the spectroscopy, microscopy and thermomechanical data indicate that rapid solvent removal generates a more blended nanoparticle morphology. As such, this study highlights a new experimental lever for optimising nanostructure in the photoactive layer of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices by enabling highly intermixed donor-acceptor architectures to be built from customised nanoparticulate inks.
关键词： organic photovoltaic,scanning transmission X-ray microscopy,morphology,colloidal inks,exciton dissociation,Nanostructure,eco-friendly processing
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Reinforced photoelectrochemical properties of nanostructural TiO2/C/SiO2 integrated on conductive Ti3SiC2
摘要： Herein, we constructed an ordered nanoporous embedding nanoparticles composite by anodic oxidation of Ti3SiC2 in fluorine containing organic electrolyte. Compared to anodized Ti which resulted in TiO2 nanotubes, the anodized Ti3SiC2 (ATSC) led to the formation of nanostructured TiO2/C/SiO2 composite. The morphologies of oxides in the composite also varied with different anodization parameters. The ATSC could be directly used as an electrode without further processes, which possessed a superior structure and composition with a visible-light photocurrent density of 7.56 μA cm?2, initial reversible area capacity of 6.18 F cm?2, which were respectively 1.32 and 6.87 times higher than those of the anodized Ti (AT), respectively. The ATSC synthesized by such a feasible fabricating strategy shows favorable photoelectrochemical properties and remarkable stability, and may broaden the bifunctional material prospects of anodized MAX phases.
关键词： Nanostructure,Photocurrent,Capacitance,Anodized Ti3SiC2,Photoelectrochemical
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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One-step fabrication of effective mesoporous layer consisted of self-assembled MgO/TiO<sub>2</sub> core/shell nanoparticles for mesostructured perovskite solar cells
摘要： perovskite directly, which can not only passivate surface defects and reduce charge-suppressed J-V hysteresis. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic characteristics and the well-power conversion efficiency (PCE) was increased from 13.13% to 16.30% with well-interface and electrons transfer in PSCs. Based on the mesoporous layer consisting of nanoparticles instead of adding an additional surface modified layer for mesostructured recombination, but also facilitate charge-extraction at the mesoporous layer/perovskite perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An amorphous ultrathin outer nanolayer of MgO was Such self-assembled MgO/TiO2 core/shell nanostructures would retain the mesoporous of PSCs was 1.00 V, 4.2% higher than the uncoated TiO2 based PSCs, and the obtained structure feature, supply more contact interface of MgO/TiO2 and separate the TiO2 and conformally coated onto TiO2 core nanoparticles in a one-step bottom-up approach. proposed an efficient nanoparticulate mesoporous layer consisted of coated TiO2 optimized MgO-coated TiO2 nanoparticles, the corresponding open circuit voltage (VOC) Considering the intrinsic rich defect, poor H2O or UV light stability of TiO2, we resistance is obtained for the cell based on m-TiO2 with MgO coating. In addition, we behaved junction property were further clarified by the ideal model, a much lower series provided an easy regulated uniform coating route to fabricate well-defined core-shell nanoparticles with modified properties.
关键词： Uniform coating,mesoporous layer,Core-shell nanostructure,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-11-14 15:27:09
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The impact of ZnO configuration as an external layer on the sensitivity of a bi-layer coated polymer optical fiber probe
摘要： Salinity magnitude changes are a critical factor for determining the chemistry of natural water bodies and biological processes. Label-free refractive index sensors are promising devices for detecting these changes. A polymer optical fiber (POF) sensor modified with cladding treatment and a bi-layer zinc oxide/silver (ZnO/Ag) nanostructure coating to determine sodium chloride concentration changes through refractive index variations in water is experimentally demonstrated. The use of three ZnO nanostructure shapes, nanoparticles and horizontally and vertically oriented nanorods, as an external layer and a broad spectrum light source from the visible (Vis) to the near infrared (NIR) region are investigated to achieve optimum sensitivity. The rms roughness, optical band-gap and zeta potential (ZP) value for the vertically oriented sample are 148 nm, 3.19 eV and 5.96 mV, respectively. In the NIR region the wavelength–intensity sensitivity values of probes coated with ZnO nanoparticles and horizontally and vertically oriented nanorods are 104 nm RIU?1–12 dB RIU?1, 63 nm RIU?1–10 dB RIU?1 and 146 nm RIU?1–22 dB RIU?1, respectively, and in the Vis area the values are 65 nm RIU?1–14 dB RIU?1, 58 nm RIU?1–11 dB RIU?1 and 89 nm RIU?1–23 dB RIU?1, respectively. The maximum amplitude sensitivity is obtained for the probe coated with vertically aligned ZnO nanorods in the NIR area due to the deeper penetration of evanescent waves, a higher surface-volume ratio, better crystallinity, more adhesive interactions with salt molecules, larger surface roughness and higher-order dispersion compared to the other coated ZnO nanostructures.
关键词： sensitivity,salinity,nanorods,refractive index sensors,ZnO/Ag nanostructure,polymer optical fiber,nanoparticles
更新于2025-11-14 15:25:21
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Fabrication of conductive fibrous scaffold for photoreceptor differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell
摘要： Conductive nanofibrous scaffolds with that can conduct electrical current have a great potential in neural tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to survey effects of electrical stimulation and polycaprolactone/polypyrrole/multiwall carbon nanotube (PCL/PPY/MWCNTs) fibrous scaffold on photoreceptor differentiation of trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cells (TM‐MSCs). PCL/PPY/MWCNTs scaffold was made by electrospinning method. TM‐MSCs were seeded on PCL/PPY/MWCNTs scaffold and stimulated with a potential of 115 V/m. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and FT‐IR were used to evaluate the fabricated scaffold. Immunofluorescence and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to examine differentiated cells. Scanning electron microscopy, transmitting electron microscopy, and FT‐IR confirmed the creation of the composite structure of fibers. RT‐qPCR analysis showed that the expression of rhodopsin and peripherin genes in electrically stimulated cells were significantly higher (5.7‐ and 6.23‐fold, respectively; p ≤ 0.05) than those with no electrical stimulation. Collectively, it seems that the combination of PCL/PPY/MWCNTs scaffold, as a suitable conductive scaffold, and electrical stimulation could be an effective approach in the differentiation of stem cells in retinal tissue engineering.
关键词： electrical conductive,trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cells,photoreceptor‐like cells,nanostructure
更新于2025-11-14 15:18:02
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Dose-dependent enhancement of bioactivity by surface ZnO nanostructures on acid-etched pure titanium
摘要： Zinc (Zn) is found to be essential in biologic osseous functions, and deficiency of Zn may cause delayed skeletal growth and osteoporosis. Additionally, Zn-based coatings are reported to be effective to promote the bioactivity of implants. In this study, we employed the hydrothermal treatment to incorporate Zn into the surface of acid-etched pure Ti. The process was conducted in ammonia solution with an increased Zn precursor concentration (0.0002 M, 0.002 M and 0.02 M, respectively). XPS analysis demonstrated that the nanostructures were composed of ZnO. Proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells were enhanced dose-dependently, compared to those on the acid-etched pure Ti without ZnO nanostructures. This study addresses a favourable surface modification method to improve the bioactivity of implants.
关键词： nanostructure,titanium,bone regeneration,hydrothermal treatment,ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fabrication and Luminescence Properties of Flower-Like Cadmium Sulfide Using 1-Benzylidenethiourea as Sulfur Source and Capping Agent
摘要： A thio Schiff base ligand, 1-benzylidenethiourea (L), was used as sulfur source and capping agent together for preparation of CdS nanostructures via solvothermal method in glycerol solvent. The Schiff base was characterized by elemental analysis as well as FT-IR and 1H, 13CNMR spectroscopies. Structure characterization of obtained CdS nanoparticles were studied by XRD, EDX, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies. SEM and TEM images were showed that the synthesized CdS have ?ower-like structures contain of several nanorods. The optical properties of the product was characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements. The PL spectrum of CdS nanoparticles shows a blue visible spectrum. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum shows the blue shift in the band gap due to the quantum con?nement effect. The effect of some parameter such as solvent type, temperature and duration of reaction on size and morphology of CdS nanostructure was investigated as well.
关键词： Cadmium sul?de,Nanostructure,Photoluminescence,Solvothermal
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A novel and facile way to fabricate transparent superhydrophobic film on glass with self-cleaning and stability
摘要： Transparency is one of the most important properties of superhydrophobic (SHP) surface applied on outdoor solar cells and other outdoor windows. In this work, transparent SHP ZnO surface was fabricated via RF magnetron sputtering method. The effect of film thickness and surface roughness on the wettability and optical property of the as-prepared surfaces were investigated. Results show that the as-prepared SHP ZnO surface with sputtering time of 2 min exhibits excellent self-cleaning property and stability against corrosive rain, various environmental temperatures and impacting water droplet with high velocity. The fabrication process is stable and easy to control, which can largely widen the applications of the as-prepared transparent SHP surfaces.
关键词： Self-cleaning,Sputtering,Nanostructure,Transparency,Stability,Superhydrophobic
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52