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Low-temperature dark anneal as pre-treatment for LeTID in multicrystalline silicon
摘要： Light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) is currently a severe issue in crystalline silicon photovoltaics, which has led to numerous efforts to both understand the mechanism and to mitigate it. Here we show that a low-temperature dark anneal performed as the last step in typical solar cell processing influences greatly LeTID characteristics, both the strength of the degradation and the degradation kinetics. While a relatively short anneal in the temperature range of 200–240 °C can be detrimental to LeTID by doubling the degradation intensity, an optimized anneal at 300 °C shows the opposite trend providing an efficient means to eliminate LeTID. Furthermore, we show that the simulated recombination activity of metal precipitation and dissolution during the dark anneal correlates with the experiments, suggesting a possible explanation for the LeTID mechanism.
关键词： PERC,Precipitation,Multicrystalline silicon,Minority-carrier lifetime,LeTID,Copper in silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Recombination Behaviour of Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) Bifacial Silicon Solar Module under Different Illuminations
摘要： Bifacial silicon solar module has received considerable attention in recent years due to increasing the performance of photovoltaic plants. The passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) bifacial silicon solar cell reduces contact improves open-circuit voltage and cell recombination, and performance. In this paper, recombination behaviour of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) bifacial silicon solar module under different illuminations was investigated. It is found that the J01 of bifacial PERC solar module decreases with increasing irradiance intensity, and the J02 is nearly constant from low injection to high injection. This shows that the PERC bifacial silicon solar module has more advantage in the field compared to Al-BSF solar module.
关键词： PERC,bifacial,irradiance intensity,recombination behaviour
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Performance characterization for bifacial photovoltaic modules
摘要： The performance of bifacial photovoltaic modules were characterized. The optical transmittance was measured for front and back side illumination. The temperature coefficients were obtained in order to predict the real power that can be produced in an installation under operating conditions. The internal quantum efficiency distribution was measured to distinguish recombination activity which occurred at the silicon via two-dimensional LBIC method.
关键词： optical transmittance spectra,temperature coefficient,bifacial perc solar cells,quantum efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Direct nanoscale mapping of open circuit voltages at local back surface fields for PERC solar cells
摘要： The open circuit voltage (VOC) is a critical and common indicator of solar cell performance as well as degradation, for panel down to lab-scale photovoltaics. Detecting VOC at the nanoscale is much more challenging, however, due to experimental limitations on spatial resolution, voltage resolution, and/or measurement times. Accordingly, an approach based on Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy is implemented to directly detect the local VOC, notably for monocrystalline Passivated Emitter Rear Contact (PERC) cells which are the most common industrial-scale solar panel technology in production worldwide. This is demonstrated with cross-sectioned monocrystalline PERC cells around the entire circumference of a poly-aluminum-silicide via through the rear emitter. The VOC maps reveal a local back surface ?eld extending * 2 lm into the underlying p-type Si absorber due to Al in-diffusion as designed. Such high spatial resolution methods for photovoltaic performance mapping are especially promising for directly visualizing the effects of processing parameters, as well as identifying signatures of degradation for silicon and other solar cell technologies.
关键词： solar cell,nanoscale,Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy,open circuit voltage,PERC cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of front surface light trapping structures on the PERC solar cell
摘要： Properties of the front textured surface shape and anti-reflection coating have a great impact on the performance of solar cells. In this paper, the simulation model of the minimum unit cell structure is established and validated, which is based on the framework of Silvaco software and basic parameters of the standard pyramid textures single crystalline silicon PERC solar cell. The effect of the front surface light trapping structures on cell performance is discussed. It is found that the slightly concave pyramid-like textures can improve the response for short wavelengths and the short-circuit current density of the cell is increased by 0.3 mA/cm2, which is improved by 0.80%. In addition, by properly controlling the preparation process of the anti-reflection coating, a gradient-index SiOxNy/Si3N4 double-layer anti-reflection coating (DLARC) can be formed, which can significantly reduce the reflectivity for short wavelengths. And the short-circuit current density of the cell can be increased by 0.32 mA/cm2, which is improved by 0.86%. Finally, the optimized slightly concave pyramid-like textures and the SiOxNy/Si3N4 DLARC can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the PERC solar cell by 0.18% and 0.20%, respectively.
关键词： Texturing,PERC solar cell,Light trapping,Device simulation,Anti-reflection coating
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Bifacial p-Type PERC Solar Cell with Efficiency over 22% Using Laser Doped Selective Emitter
摘要： In this paper, we report one bifacial p-type PERC solar cell with e?ciency over 22% using laser doped selective emitter produced in larger-scale commercial line on 6-inch mono-crystalline wafer. On front side of the solar cell, square resistance of p-n junction was found to be closely related with laser power at certain laser scan speed and frequency. On the other side, the rear ?ngers with di?erent ratios of height and width and rear silicon nitride (SiNx) layer with di?erent thickness were optimized, and a highest rear e?ciency of the bifacial solar cell was obtained. Finally, bifacial silicon solar cells with the front and rear e?ciencies exceeding 22% and 15% (AM1.5, 1000 W/m2, 25 C) were successfully achieved, respectively.
关键词： p-type,bifacial,passivated emitter and rear (PERC) solar cells,laser doped selective emitter
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Omni-direction PERC solar cells harnessing periodic locally focused light incident through patterned PDMS encapsulation
摘要： Photovoltaic panels based on crystalline Si solar cells are the most widely utilized renewable source of electricity, and there has been a significant effort to produce panels with a higher energy conversion efficiency. Typically, these developments have focused on cell-level device modifications to restrict the recombination of photo-generated charge carriers, and concepts such as back surface field, passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC), interdigitated back contact, and heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer solar cells have been established. Here, we propose quasi-Fermi level control using periodic local focusing of incident light by encapsulation with polydimethylsiloxane to improve the performance of solar cells at the module-level; such improvements can complement cell-level enhancements. Locally focused incident light is used to modify the internal quasi-Fermi level of PERC solar cells owing to the localized photon distribution within the cell. Control of the local focusing conditions induces different quasi-Fermi levels, and therefore results in different efficiency changes. For example, central focusing between fingers enhances the current density with a reduced fill factor, whereas multiple local focusing enhances the fill factor rather than the current density. Here, these effects were explored for various angles of incidence, and the total electrical energy production was increased by 3.6% in comparison to a bare cell. This increase is significant as conventional ethylene vinyl acetate-based encapsulation reduces the efficiency as short-wavelength light is attenuated. However, this implies that additional module-scale studies are required to optimize local focusing methods and their synergy with device-level modifications to produce advanced photovoltaics.
关键词： quasi-Fermi level control,module-level enhancements,energy conversion efficiency,Photovoltaic panels,crystalline Si solar cells,local focusing,polydimethylsiloxane,PERC solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Light and elevated temperature induced degradation in Ba??Ga co-doped cast mono Si PERC solar cells
摘要： The utilization of boron-doped Si solar cells based on the structure of a passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) in the solar industry has increased recently. However, this type of high efficiency solar cell is exposed to a so-called light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID). A suppressing of mc-Si LeTID has been studied through a regeneration treatment at high temperature under illumination or in the dark, but most was about the lifetime samples. In this work, to evaluate the applicability of regeneration and annealing at industrial relevant conditions, industrially made B–Ga co-doped cast-mono Si PERC solar cells were treated in a light soaking tool in which the intensity of light and substrate temperature could be adjusted separately and a rapid thermal process (RTP) system. This treatment was evaluated during a subsequent intentional degradation under conditions of 75 °C with an LED white light source at an intensity of 1 kW/m2. The results showed that properly regenerated samples by high intensity illumination at elevated temperatures suffered from the least degradation, while untreated solar cells had most severe degradation. The RTP method could improve the performance of the solar cells but the RTP-treated samples were less stable than the regenerated samples. It demonstrates the application of a fast (around 20 min) regeneration method could be coupled in mass production. Further, RTP treatment combining with an accelerated regeneration step may be a potential method to provide both the improved performance and high anti-LeTID properties in Si PERC solar cells.
关键词： Passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC),Light- and elevated temperature-induced degradation (LeTID),Cast mono silicon
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High-Efficiency p-Type Si Solar Cell Fabricated by Using Firing-Through Aluminum Paste on the Cell Back Side
摘要： Firing-through paste used for rear-side metallization of p-type monocrystalline silicon passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells was developed. The rear-side passivation Al2O3 layer and the SiNx layer can be effectively etched by the firing-through paste. Ohmic contact with a contact resistivity between 1 to 10 m?·cm2 was successfully fabricated. Aggressive reactive firing-through paste would introduce non-uniform etching and high-density recombination centers at the Si/paste interface. Good balance between low resistive contact formation and relatively high open-circuit voltage can be achieved by adjusting glass frit and metal powder content in the paste. Patterned dot back contacts formed by firing-through paste can further decrease recombination density at the Si/paste interface. A P-type solar cell with an area of 7.8 × 7.8 cm2 with a Voc of 653.4 mV and an efficiency of 19.61% was fabricated.
关键词： contact formation,open-circuit voltage,firing-through paste,PERC
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Modified laser‐fired contact process for efficient PERC solar cells
摘要： A laser‐fired contact (LFC) process is one of the techniques for making local electrical contacts at the rear side of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) solar cells. In the LFC process, opening of the passivated dielectric layers and alloying of Si and Al need to be made in a single step laser process. For this reason, the LFC process is accompanied by the loss of Al and the laser damage to the Si wafer. In this study, we present a novel multistep LFC process combining the conventional LFC and laser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT) processes. The modified LFC scheme we proposed consists of three steps: (a) opening of the passivation layers and partial alloying of Al‐Si, (b) additional deposition of Al on the local contact holes, and (c) post laser firing of the transferred Al. Applying the modified LFC process to the PERC cells of 1.0 cm2 of area, we demonstrate the effective recombination velocity of the laser‐processed wafers can be remarkably reduced while maintaining the low contact resistance. The best of the PERC solar cell fabricated by the modified LFC process exhibited an efficiency of 19.5% while the conventional LFC‐PERC cell showed 18.6%. The efficiency gains of the modified LFC‐PERC cells was largely contributed by the enhanced open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF).
关键词： contact resistance,crystalline silicon solar cells,PERC cell,pulsed laser,laser‐fried contact,implied Voc
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59