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Enhanced stability and performance of poly(4-vinylpyridine) modified perovskite solar cell with quaternary semiconductor Cu2MSnS4 (M= Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) as hole transport materials
摘要： In this work, highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in n-i-p configuration has been fabricated. Application of poly (4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) interlayer into the perovskite films via solution based process and quaternary semiconductor Cu2MSnS4 (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) (CMTS) nanostructure particles as an inorganic hole transporting material (HTM), result in modified perovskite surface and improving the long term stability and the photovoltaic parameters of the PSCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the record device with Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) HTM and PVP interlayer reaches 13.57%, Voc gains 1.03 V, fill factor (FF) increases up to 70.64% and the device demonstrates low hysteresis (4.14%). Photoluminescence (PL), absorption spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and FESEM images reveal that, the interface between PVP and inorganic CMTS nanostructure particles favorably can reduce non-radiative recombination and enhance Voc. In addition, the presence of hydrophobic PVP interlayer and CMTS nanostructure particles capping with PVP ligands prevent the ingress of the moisture in to the perovskite layer and result in improved stability, where the devices based on CZTS HTM, retain 97% of the initial efficiency after 30 days at room temperature and 35–40% relative humidity.
关键词： Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP),Stability,Quaternary semiconductor,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Molecular engineering of a conjugated polymer as a hole transporting layer for versatile p–i–n perovskite solar cells
摘要： Along with the development of perovskite materials, which have enormous potential for optoelectronics such as solar cells and light-emitting diode devices, numerous organic semiconductor polymers, which have been critically adopted into the hole and electron transporting layers, have been synthesized and studied. In neiep-structured perovskite solar cells, various outstanding polymer materials have been successfully applied. However, in peien-structured solar cells, the hydrophobic nature of the polymers makes the sequential deposition of a perovskite thin ?lm dif?cult. Several destructive methods have been proposed; however, a more ef?cacious and fundamental method is urgently needed. Here, we present a nondestructive polymer hole-transporting layer (HTL) thin-?lm formation process based on molecular engineering via a simple solvent process. When we used various solvents with different volatilities, perovskite ?lm formation was achieved on polymer thin ?lms formed from highly volatile solvents. In addition, we elucidated the structure and orientation of the molecules in the ?lms and revealed that the molecular structure of face-on orientation for the horizontally aligned hydrophobic alkyl groups induced a lower surface energy of the ?lm, as determined by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. Furthermore, the tilt angle of the molecules, which was calculated from the results of quantitative near-edge X-ray absorption ?ne structure (NEXAFS) analysis, was found to correlate with the surface energy. This result provides guidance for polymer-orientation and surface-energy studies, and perovskite solar cells fabricated using the polymer HTL demonstrated good durability and ?exibility. We expect that our approach represents a new route for fabricating peien-structured solar cells and that numerous valuable p-type conjugated polymers will be developed via our proposed molecular engineering process.
关键词： Solvent process,Organic semiconductor,Flexible device,Conjugated polymer,Perovskite solar cell,Molecular engineering
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Bifunctional Ultrathin PCBM Enables Passivated Trap States and Cascaded Energy Level toward Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with C60 framework are known for their common drawback of low power conversion efficiency (PCE) < 20% because of non-radiative recombination and inefficient charge transport at their perovskite interfaces. Here, we report an ultra-thin [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a cap layer on perovskite films to overcome this issue. Such a functional cap layer efficiently passivates trap states and establishes a gradient energy level alignment onto perovskite, facilitating the efficient charge transfer and extraction. The as-fabricated inverted PSCs capped with such ultra-thin PCBM exhibit a record PCE of 20.07%. After the storage under N2 atmosphere for more than 500 hours, the PCE of PSCs retains over 85% of its initial level. Our work provides an effective method to upgrade inverted PSCs with the C60 framework with improved efficiency and stability.
关键词： Defect passivation,Cascaded energy level,Interface Engineering,Inverted Perovskite solar cell,Ultra-thin PCBM,High efficiency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Room-temperature processed ZrO2 interlayer towards efficient planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： The Sn-doped In2O3 transparent conductive (ITO) electrode in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is modified by zirconia (ZrO2) interlayer with low-temperature process. Here the ZrO2 film is prepared by ultraviolet (UV) treatment at room temperature. The effects of the inserted ZrO2 interlayer on the performance of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx-based PSCs have been systemically studied. After optimizing the process, the champion efficiency of PSC with UV-treated ZrO2 interlayer is 19.48%, which is larger than that of the reference PSC (15.56%). The improved performance in the modified devices is primarily ascribed to the reduced trap states and the suppressed carrier recombination at the ITO/SnO2 interface. Our work provides a facile route to boost the photovoltaic performance of PSCs by modifying the surface of transparent conductive electrode at room temperature.
关键词： Photoelectric properties,ITO/SnO2 interface modification,Ultraviolet (UV) treatment,Planar perovskite solar cell,Room-temperature processed ZrO2 interlayer
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Design and Analysis of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell with ZnO Nanorods and Plasmonic Nanoparticles
摘要： Recently, the utilization of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite has become prevalent in solar cell applications due to its promising optical properties. In this study, a perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) as an electron transport layer (ETL) was numerically simulated and the plasmonic effects of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were surveyed beside the previously desirable result of using ZnO nanorod observed in 3rd generation organic photovoltaic devices. Since the unique properties of plasmonic structures, particularly the ability to guide and trap the light at nanometer dimensions, would cause a substantial increase in light absorption, improved device performance can be expected. In this article, we showed that a model of perovskite solar cell comprised of FTO/ZnO/ZnO NR/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Au yielded promising results after incorporating Au NPs. While utilizing the benefits of ZnO nanorod ETL is a common method to achieve high-performance halide PSCs, we revealed that incorporating Au NPs between nanorods leads to an even superior behavior. After analyzing various diameters of Au nanoparticles and densities of ZnO nanorod arrays and adopting the optimum value of both, results of our simulations demonstrated that CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite infiltrated ZnO NRs solar cell with Au NPs (without Au NPs) has an efficiency of “16.77%” (14.51%), the fill factor of “78.28%” (76.60%) with a short circuit current density of “20.56 ????/????2”( 18.07 ????/????2). This drastic improvement can pave the way for further studies to fabricate and reap benefit out of the plasmonic effect in perovskite solar cells.
关键词： Perovskite solar cell,FDTD simulation,Plasmonic nanoparticles,ZnO nanorods
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Structures and Properties of Methylammonium Iodide Precursors of Halide Perovskites and Implications for Solar Cells: an Ab-Initio Investigation
摘要： Halide perovskite materials based on the prototypical CH3NH3PbI3 received much attention in recent years, with applications ranging from solar cells to light-emitting diodes. However, many fundamental aspects of the halide perovskite materials remain elusive at the moment, such as the structures and impacts of the methyl ammonium precursors on the halide perovskite properties. In this manuscript, we take one step back to theoretically investigate the monomer and dimer structures of methylammonium iodide, a precursor for the synthesis of the halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 via the first principles calculations, in order to provide a more complete view of the halide perovskite structures. The calculations show that the hydrogen bonds are found to be the major factor that stabilizes the methylammonium iodide monomers and dimers, while the dimeric structure exhibits geometry with each iodine atom shared by two neighbouring hydrogen atoms in the methylammonium cation molecules. The hydrogen bonds in the methylammonium iodide are proposed to be correlated with the three-dimensional halide perovskite buildup, and the formation of the hydrogen bond that is available in the halide perovskite framework could be “historically” traced back as early as the precursor preparation. The manuscript addresses the importance of the hydrogen bonds in the synthesis and the crystal formation of halide perovskite materials, and anticipates the necessity of the fundamental theoretical understanding of the structures from the halide perovskite precursors to the halide perovskite frameworks.
关键词： ab initio,perovskite solar cell,hydrogen bond,dimer,methylammonium iodide
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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An interlayer with strong Pb-Cl bond delivers ultra-violet-filter-free, efficient and photostable perovskite solar cells
摘要： The inorganic metal oxides (IMOs), including titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tin dioxide (SnO2) inevitably induce decomposition of perovskite under ultra-violet (UV) illumination due to their photocatalytic activity and the use of a UV filter will add extra cost and reduce the effective power output. Here, we firstly reveal that the weak Pb-I bond in I-based perovskite is prone to breakage under UV photocatalysis, leading to serious degradation of SnO2/perovskite interface. We introduce a chlorine-rich mixed-halide perovskite interlayer (ClMPI), which possesses an excellent tolerance to photocatalysis due to the strong Pb-Cl bond, between the SnO2 and I-based perovskite. The ClMPI-based device achieves an enhanced efficiency of up to 21.01% (certified 20.17%). Most importantly, the resultant devices can maintain >94% of their initial performance after 180 h under outdoor solar irradiation, >80% after 500 h under UV irradiation and 500 h under continuous full spectrum illumination at their maximum power points.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,UV-filter-free,photostability,Pb-Cl,photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Simulation of perovskite solar cell temperature under reverse and forward bias conditions
摘要： We have developed a model to calculate the temperature of an illuminated perovskite solar cell (PSC) under the forward bias and that of a shaded one under the reverse bias at di?erent ambient conditions. The results show that the dissipated power due to the reverse bias (PRB) should be more than around 6 W to have a higher temperature in the shaded solar cell than that in the illuminated solar cell at the solar irradiance of 1000 W=m2, and this result is almost ambient temperature and wind velocity independent. It is also found that the generated thermal power due to the nonradiative recombination (PRec) becomes signi?cant at the open circuit voltage (Voc) condition, leading to illuminated solar cell temperature (Tcr) higher than that at the short circuit current (Jsc) condition by about 12.7 K, 13.3 K, and 13.9 K at the ambient temperatures of 270 K, 300 K, and 330 K, respectively. In addition, the in?uence of the thickness of the illuminated solar cell on its temperature at the Voc condition is investigated, which reveals that, by increasing the thickness from 100 nm to 300 nm, the solar cell temperature can increase by 20 K.
关键词： temperature,nonradiative recombination,perovskite solar cell,reverse bias,forward bias
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low-temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO3/Compact SnO2 Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSC) which have exceeded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25% are mainly demonstrated by using SnO2 or TiO2 as electron-transporting layers (ETLs). However, high-performance planar PSCs need precise process, which is difficult for large-scale production. Mesoporous structure shows better operability but with high-temperature process. Besides, as the most used mesoporous materials, the strong photocatalytic effect of TiO2 significantly limits the practical stability of PSCs under illumination (including ultraviolet light). Here we propose Zinc Titanate (ZnTiO3, ZTO) as mesoporous ETLs due to its weak photo-effect, excellent carrier extraction and transfer properties. Uniform mesoporous films were obtained by spinning coating the ZTO ink and annealed below 150°C. Photovoltaic devices based on Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite sandwiched between SnO2-mesorporous ZTO electrode and Spiro-OMeTAD layer achieved the PCE of 20.5%. The PSCs retained more than 95% of their original efficiency after 100 days lifetime test without being encapsulated. Additionally, the PSCs retained over 95% of the initial performance when subjected at the maximum power point voltage for 120 h under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2), demonstrating superior working stability. The application of ZTO provides a better choice for ETLs of PSCs. Moreover, the low temperature deposition method of inorganic ETL furnishes a way of low power consumption, large-scale and flexible preparation of PSCs.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,photostability,ZTO,low-temperature,mesoporous ETL
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Flexible perovskite solar cells based on AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes
摘要： Silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes are promising for ?exible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their low cost, high conductivity, high transmittance and roll-to-roll fabrication processes. We resolved problems with incorporating AgNW networks into PSCs such as smooth surface morphology, space ?lling and chemical stability by employing solution-deposition of conductive ATO nanoparticles onto pre-existing AgNW networks at low temperatures. AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes show a transmission of 76–82 % in the visible region with an excellent sheet resistance of 18 O sq?1, similar to the commercial PET/ITO transparent electrodes. To build up ?exible PSCs, we adopted an architecture in which the thin ?lm of CH3NH3PbI3 was sandwiched between the ZnO (as the electron-selective layer) and carbon electrode (as the hole-selective layer) on the AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes. Under AM 1.5 G and 100 mW cm?2 simulated sunlight illumination, the ?exible PSCs based on AgNW/ATO composite transparent electrodes achieved PCEs of 5.07 %. The ?exible devices maintained their performance after 100 bending cycles at 6 mm radius of curvature.
关键词： Transparent electrode,Silver nanowire,ATO nanoparticles,Flexible,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59