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Welcoming the First Decade of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The swift emergence of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is a “miracle” development in the history of photovoltaics. Since Miyasaka and co-workers (Toin University of Yokohama, Japan) reported the ?rst use of halide perovskites (HPs) in solar cells in 2009, the past ten years have witnessed a skyrocketing increase in power conversion ef?ciency (PCE) to 24.2% for single-junction PSCs and 28.0% for Si-perovskite tandem solar cells. Meanwhile, the PSC stability, the Achilles heel of this technology, has been enhanced substantially. While the early versions of PSCs were stable just for a few days, the state-of-the-art PSCs have now demonstrated more than 10,000 hours of operational stability and a few thousand hours of outdoor stability, advancing the practical deployment of PSCs signi?cantly. Such impressive progress in the PCE and stability of PSCs has been not only attributed to the creative technological innovation in device structures, perovskite processing, charge-transport-layer engineering, interface modi?cation, etc., but also related to the fascinating understanding of fundamental sciences in HP materials that include crystal structure, defect chemistry, crystallization, photophysics, and light-matter interaction.
关键词： halide perovskites,perovskite solar cells,photovoltaics,stability,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Improving the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells by adding carbon quantum dots
摘要： High-quality perovskite films are the key factor in manufacturing high-performance devices. In this work, we for the first time use carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as additive in the methylammonium iodide solution for high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 films. Appropriate concentration of CQDs (0.04 mg ml-1) can passivate the crystal defects, improve the crystallinity, increase the grain size and reduce the grain boundary of MAPbI3 film. Various characterization results show that CQDs additive can reduce trap-state density, decrease carrier recombination and improve photoelectric performance. Compared with the pristine device, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CQD-modified MAPbI3 device was increased from 15.8 ± 0.37% to 18.81 ± 0.45%, and the maximum PCE of champion device was increased from 16.21 to 19.17%. In this study, we propose a simple method for the preparation of stable and efficient inverted planar structure perovskite solar cells using CQD additives in a two-step spin-coated deposition method.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,additive engineering,photoelectric performance,power conversion efficiency,carbon quantum dots
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Two-Step Annealing of NiO Enhances the NiO –Perovskite Interface for High-Performance Ambient-Stable p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, we applied two-step annealing to nickel oxide (NiOx) films that we then used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized annealing process resulted in a change in the structure and chemical composition of the NiOx, leading to a change in the work function and improved conductivity for NiOx-coated ITO substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that a change in the Ni2+/Ni3+ ratio of NiO (Ni 2p at 854.0 eV) and the presence of Ni3+ species induced by vacancies in Ni2O3 (Ni 2p at 855.6 eV) and NiOOH (Ni 2p at 856.7 eV) were responsible for the enhanced conductivity of the two-step-annealed NiOx films. The modified NiOx served as an efficient hole transporting layer, enhancing the PL quenching behavior at the perovskite–NiOx interface. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements provided evidence for efficient carrier extraction. These improvements led to increases in the fill factors and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of corresponding PSC devices. The champion device displayed a PCE of 19.04%—a value comparable with those of state-of-the-art NiOx-based PSCs. Furthermore, the devices possessed excellent air-stability, retaining 97% of their PCEs after storage in air for over 672 h (at 25 °C, with a humidity of 40%).
关键词： power conversion efficiency,Perovskite solar cell,nickel oxide,hysteresis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Fusion or non-fusion of quasi-two-dimensional fused perylene diimide acceptors: the importance of molecular geometry for fullerene-free organic solar cells
摘要： In this work, two small molecular electron acceptor (BT-FPDI and fBT-FPDI) comprising a central bithiophene (BT) bridge and two fused perylene diimide (FPDI) units were designed and synthesized for fullerene-free organic solar cells (OSCs). The molecular geometry of these electron acceptors can be adjusted through a locked conformation via photocyclization reaction. As expected, BT-FPDI has a highly twisted geometry with the assistance of the quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) configuration of FPDI unit and modest dihedral angles between FPDI and BT units, while fBT-FPDI shows a relatively planar geometry with symmetrically aligned the FPDI wings. When pairing with polymer donor PTB7-Th, the intrinsic configuration characteristic of BT-FPDI guaranteed an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.07% with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.81 V, and a recorded high short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.35 mA/cm2, which is almost the highest Jsc value reported in PDI-based fullerene-free OSCs. However, the optimal device employing fBT-FPDI as electron acceptor only delivered a PCE of 5.89% with a significantly reduced Jsc of 12.30 mA/cm2. The interesting result show that, unlike traditional PDI molecules, the ring-fusion molecular design has not produce the desired positive effect in FPDI derivatives, and also provide a new insight into the regulation of the molecular geometry based on FPDI acceptors with intrinsic quasi-2D structure.
关键词： perylene diimide,molecular geometry,fullerene-free organic solar cells,ring-fusion,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhancing PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Tandem Solar Cell Performance by Graded Band Alignment
摘要： Colloidal quantum dot solids are attractive candidates for tandem solar cells because of their widely tunable bandgaps. However, the development of quantum dot tandem solar cell has lagged far behind that of its single-junction counterpart. One of the fundamental problems with colloidal quantum dot solar cells is the relatively small diffusion length, which limits the quantum dot absorbing layer thickness and hence the power conversion efficiency. In this research, guided by optical modelling and utilising a graded band alignment strategy, a two-terminal monolithic solution-processed quantum dot tandem solar cell has been successfully fabricated and a power conversion efficiency of 6.8% has been achieved. The band grading approach utilised the complementary tuning of work functions and band alignment through judicious choices of the nanoparticle surface chemistry and quantum dot confined size. This work demonstrates a general approach to improving the efficiency for tandem thin film solar cells.
关键词： tandem solar cells,optical modelling,Colloidal quantum dot solids,graded band alignment,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hydrogen Plasma–Treated MoSe2 Nanosheets Enhance the Efficiency and Stability of Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： In this paper we report the effect on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of photovoltaic devices after incorporating hydrogenated two-dimensional (2D) MoSe2 nanosheets into the active layer of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPV). The surface properties of 2D MoSe2 nanosheets largely affect their dispersion in the active layer blend and, thus, influence the carrier mobility, PCE, and stability of corresponding devices. We treated MoSe2 nanosheets with hydrogen plasma and investigated their influence on the polymer packing and fullerene domain size of the active layer. For the optimized devices incorporating 37.5 wt% of untreated MoSe2, we obtained a champion PCE of 9.82%, compared with the champion reference PCE of approximately 9%. After incorporating the hydrogen plasma–treated MoSe2 nanosheets, we achieved a champion PCE of 10.44%—a relative increase of 16% over that of the reference device prepared without MoSe2 nanosheets. This PCE is the one of the highest ever reported for OPVs incorporating 2D materials. We attribute this large enhancement to the enhanced exciton generation and dissociation at the MoSe2–fullerene interface and, consequently, the balanced charge carrier mobility. The device incorporating the MoSe2 nanosheets maintained 70% of its initial PCE after heat-treatment at 100 °C for 1 h; in contrast, the PCE of the reference device decreased to 60% of its initial value—a relative increase in stability of 17% after incorporating these nanosheets. We also incorporated MoSe2 nanosheets (both with and without treatment) into a polymer donor (PBDTTBO)/small molecule (IT-4F) acceptor system. The champion PCEs reached 7.85 and 8.13% for the devices incorporating the MoSe2 nanosheets with and without plasma treatment, respectively—relative increases of 8 and 12%, respectively, over that of the reference. These results should encourage a push toward the implementation of transition metal dichalcogenides to enhance the performances of BHJ OPVs.
关键词： hydrogen plasma treatment,organic photovoltaics,stability,MoSe2 nanosheets,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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High performance perovskites solar cells by hybrid perovskites co-crystallized with poly(ethylene oxide)
摘要： Hybrid perovskite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives for cost-effective solar cells in the past ten years. However, achieving hysteresis-free, stable and efficient solution-processed perovskites solar cells has remained as a significant fundamental challenge. In this study, we report a strategy that utilizes poly(ethylene oxide) to sequester the counter ions in the perovskite lattices to suppress the formation of point defects, reduce the migration of ions/vacancy and to facilitate crystal growth in a more thermodynamically preferred orientation. Systematical investigations indicate that poly(ethylene oxide) indeed form hydrogen bonds with perovskite, which reduces the formation of kinetically-driven point defects, minimize charge carrier recombination and sharpen the density of states distribution. As a result, un-encapsulated solution-processed perovskite solar cells exhibit stabilized power conversion efficiency with hysteresis-free characteristics and significantly improved ambient shelf- and thermal-stability at relative high humidity, in comparison to the reference devices that exhibit unstable power conversion efficiency with dramatically higher hysteresis factor and poorer device lifetime. Our studies demonstrate that development of hybrid perovskite materials co-crystallized with polymers is an efficient approach towards high performance perovskite solar cells.
关键词： photocurrent hysteresis,hydrogen bonding,stability,poly(ethylene oxide),power conversion efficiency,hybrid perovskite
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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ZrS3/MS2 and ZrS3/MXY (M Mo, W; X, Y S, Se, Te; X?≠?Y) type-II van der Waals hetero-bilayers: Prospective candidates in 2D excitonic solar cells
摘要： Excellent photovoltaic abilities in a 2D excitonic solar cell based on staggered type-II van der Waals (vdW) hetero-bilayers comprising of semiconducting ZrS3 monolayer and monolayers of MS2 & MXY (M=Mo, W; X, Y=S, Se, Te; X≠Y) are reported herewith, using DFT-D2 and HSE06 functional. Studies on vdW hetero-bilayers of MX3/MX2 and MX3/M’Y2 have so far been conveniently avoided on account of their large lattice mismatch. The present work is the first attempt to address such hetero-bilayers constituted by monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides and trichalcogenides. The nature of the band edges in ZrS3 and MS2 monolayers induces high electron and hole mobility in these individual monolayers, respectively, which has been combined synergistically in the hetero-bilayers consisting of them. The Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) in ZrS3/MoS2, ZrS3/WS2, ZrS3/MoSeTe, ZrS3/WSTe, and ZrS3/WSeTe hetero-bilayers, calculated within the Anderson-limit, are found to reach as high as ~12%, 8%, 16%, 14%, and 14% respectively. The PCE of the hetero-bilayers reported herewith are much higher than the efficiency in MoS2/p-Si heterojunction solar cells (5.23%) and comparable to that of the theoretically proposed PCBM fullerene/BCN system (10?20%) and g-SiC2-based systems (12?20%) and the recently predicted TiNF/TiNBr (18%), TiNCl/TiNBr (19%), TiNF/TiNCl (22%) bilayer solar cell systems.
关键词： 2D materials,transition metal dichalcogenides,photovoltaic,van der Waals hetero-bilayers,transition metal trichalcogenides,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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<i>In situ</i> surface modification of TiO <sub/>2</sub> by CaTiO <sub/>3</sub> to improve the UV stability and power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells
摘要： The usage of TiO2 in perovskite solar cells is always faced with the risk of device decomposition due to its high photocatalysis activity. To deal with this problem, here in this work, a strategy of in situ surface passivation was proposed and performed on TiO2. After spin-coating Ca(OH)2 solution on a TiO2 mesoporous scaffold and annealing, the surface layer of the scaffold was converted into CaTiO3, as confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The modified TiO2 scaffold was then used as an electron-transport-material in perovskite solar cells. It was observed that after moderate modification, the short-circuit current density increased from 22.32 (60.25) to 23.19 (60.28) mA/cm2, the open-circuit voltage rose from 1.042 (60.009) to 1.080 (60.011) V, and the fill factor increased from 63.89 (61.95)% to 71.37 (60.43)%, leading to an improvement from 14.92 (60.36)% to 17.88 (60.37)% of the power conversion efficiency. Transient photocurrent/photovoltage decay curves and impedance spectroscopy tests showed that moderate modification accelerated charge extraction while it retarded charge recombination. Besides, the in situ CaTiO3 layer prolonged the device stability. After being stored in the dark for 46 days (relative humidity of 30%), 92.6% of the initial efficiency was reserved, compared to that of 68.4% for the control devices. Designated UV irradiation showed that the surface passivation retarded the photocatalysis activity of TiO2, which contributed to the prolonged device stability.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,TiO2,UV stability,power conversion efficiency,CaTiO3
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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High efficient photovoltaics in BaTiO<sub>3</sub> thin film
摘要： BaTiO3 thin film was grown on a n-type silicon (100) single crystal substrate by high vacuum magnetron sputtering. The samples were annealed under vacuum conditions at 400, 500 and 600°C, respectively. The photovoltaic effect in BaTiO3 thin film was observed, and a high power conversion efficiency of 1.25% was achieved. In addition, the short circuit current density of 134μA/cm2 under white light illumination was obtained in the BaTiO3 thin film. Besides, the current ratio of light ON/OFF state is about 100 at 2v bias. Our experiments suggest that BaTiO3 thin film possesses the potential photovoltaic application in future.
关键词： photovoltaic effect,BaTiO3 thin film,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04