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Unraveling the electrical properties of solution-processed copper iodide thin films for CuI/n-Si solar cells
摘要： The effects of temperature and liquid-phase iodination on the electrical property of spin coated CuI thin films have been investigated in details. The XRD study indicates that CuI thin films are polycrystalline in nature and I-doping enhances the crystal quality and size of the films. The SEM images show that the surface uniformity of the CuI thin films increases due to I-doping. The doping of iodine increases the conductivity as well as carrier concentration and mobility of the films as confirmed by Hall study. The temperature dependent resistivity of CuI film shows a sharp fall of resistivity at ~80 °C for un-doped films whereas this behavior disappears for I-doped films. The optical transmittance and band gap of the I-doped films also increases indicating high degeneracy of the films. These findings imply that I-doped spin coated CuI thin films are potential candidate for the solution-processed CuI/n-Si solar cells.
关键词： liquid-phase I-doped,spin coat,CuI thin films,switching-behavior,electrical properties
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Effect of rare earth Pr doping on core characteristics of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Cu2O films: a film for optoelectronic technology
摘要： Undoped and Pr doped Cu2O nanocrystalline ?lms were fabricated by the electrodeposition method. These ?lms were studied to investigate the formation, morphology, optical, and photoresponse properties on Pr doping concentrations (i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%). Structural studies of the deposited Cu2O:Pr ?lms exposed the cubic crystal structure with polycrystalline nature. The crystallite size is decreased from 54 to 29 nm by increasing the Pr doping concentrations. The Raman peaks at 110, 147, 215, 413, and 633 con?rm the Cu2O phase and well matched with the XRD results. The morphological study shows that the pyramid-shaped particles are homogeneously arranged on the ?lm surfaces. The absorption is high for the ?lm deposited with the 5% Pr doping is due to the maximum thickness than the other ?lms. The calculated band gap values of Cu2O:Pr ?lms were reduced from 2.06 to 1.90 eV with raising the Pr doping level. PL spectra showed high intense emission peak at 617 nm which con?rms the NBE emission of Cu2O lattice. Index of refraction (n) and coef?cient of extinction (k) values were increased on increasing the doping concentration from 0 to 5%. From photosensitivity analysis, there is an increase of photoresponse behavior with respect to illuminated current.
关键词： Electrodeposition,Structural,Optical and electrical properties,Morphological
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Luminescence and electrical properties of Eu-modified Bi <sub/>0.5</sub> Na <sub/>0.5</sub> TiO <sub/>3</sub> multifunctional Ceramics
摘要： The Eu3+ modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics have been fabricated by the solid-state reaction method. The impact of Eu3+ doping on the structure, photoluminescence and electrical properties has been studied by XRD, SEM, PL spectra and LCR meter. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal structure of the samples is well matched with the trigonal perovskite, and the optimal temperature of pre-sintering is 880°C. The Eu3+ doped BNT ceramics show excellent red fluorescence at 614nm corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ under 466nm excitation and relatively long fluorescence lifetime. The BNT-0.02Eu ceramic density is up to 5.68g/cm3 and the relative density is up to 94.6% with sintering temperature 1075°C. The piezoelectric constant (d33) of samples has been significantly improved up to 110pC/N by Eu3+ doping. The BNT-0.03Eu ceramic pre-sintered at 880°C and sintered at 1050°C has good dielectric properties and excellent luminescence properties. Eu3+ doped BNT ceramics make it potential applications for novel integrated optical-electro and multifunctional devices.
关键词： luminescence,electrical properties,Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3),lead-free ceramics
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Improved densification behavior and energy harvesting properties of low-temperature sintered (Ba, Ca)(Zr, Ti)O3 piezoceramics with a CuO additive
摘要： Piezoelectric energy harvesting has recently attracted substantial interest because of its ability to provide sustainable power for devices that consume very small amounts of energy. In this work, we propose a CuO-doping strategy to develop environmentally friendly (Ba, Ca)(Zr, Ti)O3 (BCZT) piezoelectric energy harvesters with both low sintering temperatures and excellent power generation performance. The CuO dopant greatly promoted the densification behavior of BCZT ceramics, yielding a densified and fine-grained microstructure at a sintering temperature reduced by 125°C compared to that of undoped BCZT. Moreover, CuO addition substantially reduced the domain size compared to that of the undoped BCZT and thus facilitated domain switching in the ceramics. While maintaining the Curie temperature (Tc) at ~120oC, 0.50 mol% CuO-doped ceramics exhibited significantly enhanced electromechanical properties with a figure of merit d33×g33 of 6661×10-15 m2/N, high-field piezoelectric constant d33* of 873 pm/V, electromechanical coupling factor kp of 0.53 and energy conversion efficiency η of 97%. A high power density of 1.8 μW/mm3, which corresponds to a ~360% improvement relative to that of the undoped BCZT, was achieved from 0.50 mol% CuO-doped BCZT energy harvesters at 10 m/s2 acceleration. These findings suggest the tremendous potential of CuO-doped (Ba, Ca)(Zr, Ti)O3 piezoceramics in high-power-density energy harvesting applications.
关键词： A. Sintering,C. Electrical properties,D. BaTiO3,B. Microstructure
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Nickel Oxide (NiO) Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis
摘要： NiO thin films were deposited on a glass substrate and investigated for the physical properties optimized through substrate temperature (350–390°C) using a spray pyrolysis technique. The effect of substrate temperature on deposited NiO thin film was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, X-diffraction (XRD), field electron scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption and electrical measurement techniques. XRD analysis indicates that NiO thin films are of a polycrystalline cubic structure. Optical properties are calculated with help of transmittance and absorbance data in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 900 nm. The optical band gap energy values increased from 3.1 eV to 4.0 eV with substrate temperature. Further, the extinction coefficient, refractive index, and real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and optical conductivities of NiO thin films were calculated. The electrical resistivity measurement shows conductivity of the NiO thin film increased with increase in substrate temperature.
关键词： composition,spray,semiconducting behavior,electrical properties,NiO
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Fe doping effect of vanadium oxide films for enhanced switching electrochromic performances
摘要： In the present study, Fe-doped V2O5 films showing impressive electrochromic (EC) performance were developed using the sol-gel spin-coating method. To confirm the optimized Fe-doping effect on the V2O5 films for the EC performance, we adjusted the Fe atomic percentages to 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 at%, respectively. With the effect of Fe doping on the V2O5 films, the obtained films resulted in the formation of the oxygen vacancies. As the result, when the optimum Fe atomic percentage was 1.0 at%, the enhanced switching speeds (3.7 s for the bleaching speed and 2.0 s for the coloration speed) and enhanced coloration efficiency value (47.3 cm2/C) compared to the other films were implemented. This can be attributed to the improved electrical conductivity and Li+ diffusion coefficient that led to efficient generation of the EC reaction activity and narrowing the optical bandgap at the coloration state to increase transmittance modulation. Therefore, this unique film can be a promising EC material to improve the performance for the EC devices.
关键词： Films,Optical properties,Transition metal oxides,Electrical properties,Electrochromic performances
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Understanding structure, optical, and electrical properties of In4Sn3O12 and In4.5Sn2M0.5O12 (M?=?Nb and Ta)
摘要： The current research aims to investigate transparent conducting properties of In4Sn3O12 related compounds. Undoped and M-doped In4Sn3O12 with the formula In4+xSn3-2xMxO12 (Mx = Nb0.5 and Ta0.5) have been successfully synthesized by solid state reaction as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, only the composition with x = 0.5 could be achieved without impurity. The oxidation states of all elements were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to be In3+, Sn4+, Nb5+, and Ta5+. The larger optical band gap energies were obtained in doped samples, which agree with the results from DFT calculations. Although the conductivity of In4Sn3O12 is relatively high, those of In4.5Sn2Nb0.5O12 and In4.5Sn2Ta0.5O12 are much lower. To investigate the conduction mechanism, the conductivity of the samples after heat treatment in N2 was studied. The improved conductivity after such annealing along with the results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that the major charge carriers are electrons created from oxygen vacancies in the lattice. The results from computational calculations indicate that Nb, Ta, and for comparison, Sb substitutions do not significantly change the band structure nor the carrier mobility. However, Sb could lower the oxygen vacancy formation energy which might be the reason of lower resistivity in Sb substituted In4Sn3O12. Besides the oxygen vacancy formation energy, the nature of donor states is important in determining the electrical conduction in the samples.
关键词： DFT calculation,Oxides,Electrical properties,Optical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Reinforcing effect of amine-functionalized and carboxylated porous graphene on toughness, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of epoxy-based nanocomposites
摘要： Epoxy-based nanocomposites reinforced with nonfunctionalized porous graphene (NPG), carboxylated porous graphene (CNPG), and amine-functionalized porous graphene (ANPG) were investigated with regard to mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Nanomaterials were added to the epoxy matrix in varying contents of 0.5, 1, and 2 wt %. Generally, mechanical properties were improved as a result of introducing nanomaterials into the epoxy resin. However, the amelioration of toughness was only observed in functionalized NPGs/epoxy nanocomposites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that functionalized nanomaterials induced a rougher fracture surface compared to the neat epoxy. Dynamic mechanical analysis along with differential scanning calorimetry confirmed an increment in the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the reinforced nanocomposites. Also, they proved that functionalization made the epoxy network tougher and more flexible. The electrical conductivity and thermal stability of the epoxy resin were also improved when loaded with nanomaterials.
关键词： toughness,electrical properties,thermal properties,nanocomposites
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Tuning photoresponsive and dielectric properties of PVA/CdSe films by capping agent change
摘要： In the present work, hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and CdSe quantum dots synthesized in aqueous medium were prepared without the use of organic solvents, by casting aqueous solutions of both PVA and nanoparticles. The effect of different capping agents employed during quantum dot synthesis on thermal, optical, and dielectric properties of nanocomposites was analyzed, finding that capping agents not only affect the interactions between nanoparticles and polymeric matrix, but also the size and photoluminescence of quantum dots, among other properties. Optical, thermal, dielectric and morphological characterization of nanocomposites has been carried out in terms of UV-vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and atomic force microscopy, respectively, finding that by the use of different capping agents, final properties of nanocomposites can be tuned, as interactions between PVA and CdSe quantum dots determine their final properties.
关键词： E. Casting,B. Electrical properties,B. Optical properties,A. Nanocomposites
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Variation in Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Selenium Nanowires After Irradiation with Ni6+ Ions
摘要： The effect of Ni ion irradiation on selenium nanowires of 80 nm diameter is studied in the present work. Se nanowires were prepared by using electrodeposition technique in polycarbonate membrane. Changes in the structural, optical and electrical properties are studied using XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy and current–voltage characteristics, of the pristine and irradiated samples. X-ray diffraction study confirms the variation in peak intensity without any shifting in peak position. Variation in texture coefficient and grain size was clearly observed which is a consequence of changing plane orientation, irradiation induced grain growth and grain fragmentation. A decrease in the optical band gap takes place due to interstitial energy band states in the vicinity of conduction and valence band. IVC also shows variation in the conductivity which is due to the generation of current carriers with the passage of energetic ions.
关键词： Ion irradiation,Optical analysis,Selenium nanowires,Impedance,Electrical properties,Structural analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52