- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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High-resolution, parametric BIPV and electrical systems modeling and design
摘要： The design of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) often involves complex geometries, non-uniform irradiance conditions and partial shading. This can lead to high energy losses if not considered adequately. This paper presents a BIPV modeling and optimization method which uses a parametric 3D modeling tool, coupled to a high-resolution ray-tracing irradiance simulation and an electrical model based on the single diode model on a subcell level. With the use of a genetic algorithm, electrical interconnections of the modules are optimized for maximum yield. The presented approach allows the simulation and optimization of BIPV in urban environments where complex shading occurs and high electrical mismatch of photovoltaic cells and modules is to be expected. It allows specific geometric design and optimization of photovoltaic installations and their electrical layout. The electrical simulation is validated for both flat and curved thin-film CIGS modules, as well as for two connected thin-film CIGS modules under deferring irradiance and partial shading conditions. The presented method is further applied in a case study on a double-curved roof shell. The results show that by using genetic algorithms the layout can be optimized to minimize the string mismatch losses for BIPV networks with a variety of modules. The detailed electrical simulation allows to quantify effects of module designs and inverter concepts on the system performance. This is demonstrated for the case study, indicating that thin-film modules with longitudinal cell direction outperform modules with orthogonal cell direction by up to 8%. Furthermore, module-integrated bypass diodes show little benefits for the best performing module technologies. Post-processing the results allows the evaluation of annual, seasonal, daily and hourly losses on a highly disaggregated level.
关键词： BIPV,Parametric analysis,High-resolution modeling,Optimization
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Inert gas cluster formation in sputter-deposited thin film CdTe solar cells
摘要： Magnetron sputtering is widely used for thin film deposition because it is a relatively low temperature process which also produces films with excellent uniformity. Unfortunately, in its use for the deposition of thin film CdTe devices, the inert working gas from the magnetron can incorporate into the film during the growth process and aggregate into large subsurface clusters during postprocessing. The gas clusters often occur at the CdS/CdTe interface causing delamination and blisters up to about 30 μm in diameter are readily observable on the film’s surface. The surface blisters are observed after postprocessing with CdCl2 at an elevated temperature but smaller inert gas clusters of several nanometres in diameter can be observed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy before the CdCl2 treatment. In this paper, these effects are investigated both experimentally and using molecular dynamics modelling. Some suggestions are also made as to how the effect might be minimised and higher efficiency solar devices fabricated.
关键词： Solar Cells,Cadmium Telluride,Argon bubbles,Molecular Dynamics,High Resolution Electron Microscopy,Magnetron Sputtering
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Direct inlet probe atmospheric pressure photo and chemical ionization coupled to ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry for the description of lignocellulosic biomass
摘要： Lignocellulosic biomass, in particular wood, is a complex mixture containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other trace compounds. Chemical analysis of these biomasses, especially lignin components, is a challenge. Lignin is a highly reticulated polymer that is poorly soluble and usually requires chemical, enzymatic, or thermal degradation for its analysis. Here, we studied the thermal degradation of lignocellulosic biomass using a direct insertion probe (DIP). DIP was used with two ionization sources: atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) coupled to ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Beech lignocellulosic biomass sample were used to develop the DIP-APCI/APPI methodology. Two other wood species (maple and oak) were analyzed after optimization of DIP parameters. The two ionization sources were compared at first and showed different response towards beech sample, according to the source specificity. APPI was more specific to lignin degradation compounds, whereas APCI covered a larger variety of oxygenated compounds, e.g., fatty acids, polyphenolics compounds, in addition to lignin degradation products. The study of the thermo-desorption profile gave information on the different steps of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. The comparison of the three feed sample types (oak, maple, and beech), using principal component analysis (PCA) with DIP-APCI experiments, showed molecular level differences between beech wood pellets and the two others wood species (maple and oak).
关键词： high-resolution mass spectrometry,APPI,APCI,direct inlet probe,biomass
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor) - Portici, Italy (2019.10.24-2019.10.26)] 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor) - Critical analysis of instruments and measurement techniques of the shape of trees: Terresrial Laser scanner and Structured Light scanner
摘要： Coastlines, shoals, and reefs are some of the most dynamic and constantly changing regions of the globe. The emergence of high-resolution satellites with new spectral channels, such as the WorldView-2, increases the amount of data available, thereby improving the determination of coastal management parameters. Water-leaving radiance is very difficult to determine accurately, since it is often small compared to the reflected radiance from other sources such as atmospheric and water surface scattering. Hence, the atmospheric correction has proven to be a very important step in the processing of high-resolution images for coastal applications. On the other hand, specular reflection of solar radiation on nonflat water surfaces is a serious confounding factor for bathymetry and for obtaining the seafloor albedo with high precision in shallow-water environments. This paper describes, at first, an optimal atmospheric correction model, as well as an improved algorithm for sunglint removal based on combined physical and image processing techniques. Then, using the corrected multispectral data, an efficient multichannel physics-based algorithm has been implemented, which is capable of solving through optimization the radiative transfer model of seawater for bathymetry retrieval, unmixing the water intrinsic optical properties, depth, and seafloor albedo contributions. Finally, for the mapping of benthic features, a supervised classification methodology has been implemented, combining seafloor-type normalized indexes and support vector machine techniques. Results of atmospheric correction, remote bathymetry, and benthic habitat mapping of shallow-water environments have been validated with in situ data and available bionomic profiles providing excellent accuracy.
关键词： benthic habitat mapping,Atmospheric model,high-resolution multispectral imagery,WorldView-2 (WV2),bathymetry mapping,sunglint,physical and image processing techniques
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High-Resolution Laser-Induced Graphene. Flexible Electronics Beyond the Visible Limit.
摘要： Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a multifunctional graphene foam that is commonly direct-written with an infrared laser into a carbon-based precursor material. Here, a visible 405 nm laser is used to directly convert polyimide into LIG. This enabled the formation of LIG with a spatial resolution of ~ 12 μm and a thickness of < 5 μm. The spatial resolution enabled by the relatively smaller focused spot size of the 405 nm laser represents a > 60% reduction in LIG feature sizes reported in prior publications. This process occurs in situ in an SEM chamber, thus allowing direct observation of LIG formation. The reduced size of the LIG features enables the direct-write formation of flexible electronics which are not visible to the unaided eye. A humidity sensor is demonstrated which could detect human breath with a response time of 250 ms. With the growing interest in LIG for flexible electronics and sensors, finer features can greatly expand its utility.
关键词： high resolution,visible laser,flexible sensor,Laser-induced graphene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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24.2: <i>Invited Paper:</i> High‐resolution OLED Display Fabricated by Electrohydrodynamic Printing Method
摘要： A high resolution OLED display was fabricated by using electrohydrodynamic printing method. The printed inks were poly(dibenzothiophene-S, S-dioxide-co-9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) (PPF-SO). Both of the printer operation voltage and the solvent properties dominated the ink’s printability and printing stability. Line widths of the printed polymers could be controlled. A mono-color display with resolution over 2000 PPI was realized. The electrohydrodynamic printing method for fabrication of OLED displays will be discussed in the presentation.
关键词： High resolution,Organic light-emitting diodes,Solution process,Electrohydrodynamic printing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High-resolution laser resonance ionization spectroscopy of $$^{143-147}$$143-147Pm
摘要： We present the results of high-resolution laser spectroscopy of the long-lived radioactive isotopes 143?147Pm. The hyper?ne structures and isotope shifts in two different atomic ground-state transitions at 452 nm and 468 nm were probed by in-source laser spectroscopy at the RISIKO mass separator in Mainz, using the PI-LIST ion source. From the hyper?ne coupling constants the nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments for 143?147Pm were derived, and the measured isotope shifts allowed the extraction of changes in nuclear mean square charge radii.
关键词： hyper?ne structures,nuclear magnetic dipole,electric quadrupole moments,high-resolution laser spectroscopy,isotope shifts,nuclear mean square charge radii
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics North (PN) - Quebec City, QC, Canada (2019.5.21-2019.5.23)] 2019 Photonics North (PN) - Enhancement of the Power Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Surface Patterning of Azobenzen Thin Films
摘要： Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive method to monitor electric activities inside the heart. The signals observed on the surface of human body have very low amplitude, and thus, ECG is highly vulnerable to noise. One of the most devastating noise is power line interference (PLI) and its harmonics, which are interlaced with ECG signal even if the ECG equipment is operated on battery. The problem is further complicated when the frequency of PLI is not static, making the conventional notch ?lter completely ineffective. High-resolution electrocardiogram (HRECG) is a specialized technique in which higher frequency components present in the ECG signal are observed; here, we need to eliminate the harmonics of PLI as well. In this paper, we propose an intelligent adaptive noise rejection ?lter, which tracks and eliminates PLI as well as its harmonics. The proposed system can estimate the frequency of PLI and tune the adaptive ?lter for precise elimination of PLI as well as its harmonics without the requirement of an auxiliary reference input. The proposed system is based on recursive state space model, inherited with less computational complexity and performs well in a non-stationary environment. The proposed system responds well to the ongoing variations in amplitude and frequency of PLI present in the HRECG signal as well as intracardiac signal. The proposed system does not require any reference signal for tracking the PLI and its harmonics, and it is capable to self-adjust its tracking frequency for highly precise ?ltration of ?rst, third, and ?fth harmonics of PLI.
关键词： power line interference,intelligent frequency estimation,state space RLS,Adaptive noise cancellation,high resolution electrocardiogram
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.8.28-2019.8.30)] 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - High Resolution Silicon Nitride Spectrometer by Integrating Micro-Rings and Arrayed Waveguide Gratings in Tandem
摘要： We demonstrate a high-resolution spectrometer on silicon nitride by integrating micro-ring resonators and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) in tandem. The integrated spectrometer has an overall size of 1.4*1.1 mm2 and spectral resolution of 0.75nm within the 75nm free spectral range of the secondary AWG.
关键词： Very near infrared,Micro-ring resonator,High-resolution,Arrayed waveguide grating
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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High-resolution temperature sensor based on intracavity sensing of fiber ring laser
摘要： The principle and design of high-resolution sensors are of great significance in the development of fiber-optic sensors. In this paper, a general method based on intracavity sensing of fiber ring laser (FRL) for high-resolution measurement, and a high-resolution temperature sensing system is experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical model for intracavity sensing of FRL is presented. In the sensing system, a fiber-optic Sagnac loop is inserted into an FRL for temperature measurement, which performs as the filter and sensing head simultaneously. Because the filter characteristics of the Sagnac loop is modulated by temperature, the intracavity intensity-modulated sensing is induced for the output power of the FRL. With the method based on intracavity sensing, the temperature resolution level of the sensing system has been improved from 10-3 °C to 10-6 °C. The stability and measurement errors are also measured. The proposed method can be extensible to similar fiber-optic sensors to improve measurement resolution.
关键词： Fiber optics sensors,fiber lasers,high resolution
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52