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Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of In <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> -ZnO Nanocomposites and Their Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties
摘要： Indium oxide (In2O3) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through a facile microwave hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The morphology of In2O3-ZnO composites was observed to be like flowers, and the diameter of particles constituting the porous petal was about 30 nm. The photoelectrocatalytic test results showed that the photoelectrocatalytic methylene blue (MB) degradation efficiency using In2O3-ZnO nanocomposites as photocatalysts under visible light irradiation and a certain voltage could reached above 95.3% after 60 min, much higher than that of In2O3 particles and ZnO particles. The enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity was attributed to the doping of In2O3 and applied voltage, which beneficially reduced the recombination of electrons and holes in the photoelectrocatalytic process, therefore, it promoted the production of active species (?OH and ?O2-).
关键词： photoelectrochemical properties,visible light irradiation,methylene blue degradation,In2O3-ZnO nanocomposites,microwave hydrothermal synthesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Synthesis of oxygen deficient bismuth oxide photocatalyst for improved photoelectrochemical applications
摘要： The present paper reports the effect of nitrogen modification on photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation behavior of Bi2O3 semiconductor thin film. The semiconductor particles were synthesized via hydrothermal route using Bi(NO3)3 as a Bi3+ ion precursor and urea as the nitrogen source followed by drop-cast the particles and annealing the film at 600oC. The synthesized Bi2O3 exhibited band gap energy of 3.01 eV, calculated from the UV-vis absorption spectrum which decreases to 2.75eV through N-modification. Water oxidation behavior of the material has been tested through linear sweep voltammetry under periodic illumination. Highest photo-current of 180 μAcm-2 has been measured for water oxidation reaction at 0.95V vs. Ag/AgCl, under illumination of 35mWcm-2. N-incorporation can enhance the photocurrent up to 50% whereas the visible responsiveness of the material improves significantly as confirmed from electrochemical action spectra and UV-visible absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor particles was confirmed through decoloration of Rhodamine-B dye, by spectrophotometric measurements.
关键词： Hydrothermal synthesis,Oxygen vacancies,Bismuth oxide photocatalyst,PEC water oxidation.,N-modification
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A unique (4,4,5)-connected 3D zinc (II) metal-organic framework for highly efficient photodegradation of Rhodamine B under UV light
摘要： A new zinc (II) metal-organic framework, [Zn3(L)2(nbta)2]n (1) (L = 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)-2-butene, H3nbta = 5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid) was hydrothermally synthesized and structural characterized. 1 possesses a unique 3D (4,4,5)-connected network with a Schl?fla symbol of {42.63.8}2{44.62}{47.63}2. Furthermore, the photocatalytic property of 1 for degradation of the Rhodamine B (RhB) was examined under UV irradiation.
关键词： Semi-rigid bis(benzimidazole),Hydrothermal synthesis,Crystal structure,Metal-organic framework,Zinc (II),Photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Effect of pH on the Properties of BiVO<sub>4</sub> by Hydrothermal Synthesis Method
摘要： Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 ) powders were synthesized using Bi(NO3)3.5H2O and NH4VO3 as raw materials, NaOH and HNO3 for pH adjustment. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction ( XRD ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM ) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra techniques. The results show that the pH of precursor solution has great effect on the composition and morphology of products. Synthetic product was BiVO4 with two kinds of crystal shape ( monoclinic and tetragonal ) with pH of 3; synthetic product was pure monoclinic phase BiVO4 when the pH is between 5-9. Whereas, V2O5 and Bi2O3 appeared when the pH was 11; synthetic product was a mixture of V2O5 and Bi2O3 with pH of 13, and BiVO4 didn’t exist. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue solution. It is shown that the synthetic sample has the best photocatalytic ability with pH of 5. The degradation of methylene blue reaches 84.7% when irradiated for 240 min by high pressure mercury lamp, and the sample synthesized at 13 for pH has strong adsorption capacity and poor photocatalytic ability.
关键词： Bismuth vanadate,Photocatalytic activity,pH value,Hydrothermal synthesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Structural characterization of Nd-Fe <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>4</sub> nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method
摘要： Magnetic nanoparticles of Nd-Fe3O4 were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, using NdCl3·6H2O and FeCl3·6H2O as the starting materials in this paper. The structure and morphology of nanoparticles were investigated by XRD, FTIR, EDS and TEM. The results showed that, while the addition of Nd at 10% in mole ratio, resulted in the formation of Nd2O3 crystal peak in cubic Fe3O4 nanocrystallites by XRD. The absorption bands of Fe–O, –OH, –O–C–O– and –CH2– were accordant to the correspondent chemical groups by FTIR. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles exhibited spherical structure and evenly distributed without agglomeration phenomenon by TEM. The elemental composition were mainly consistent with the precursor materials used in the experiment.
关键词： magnetic nanoparticles,hydrothermal synthesis,Nd-Fe3O4,Structural characterization
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of BiOCl/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites for the enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency
摘要： In this research, BiOCl/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Phase, morphology and optical properties of the as-synthesized products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized products were BiOCl/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites composed of Bi2WO6 microflowers mixed with BiOCl nanoplates. The photocatalytic properties of BiOCl/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites were estimated through photodegradation of rhodamine B and salicylic acid as organic models in wastewater. The 80 wt% BiOCl/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites presented the highest photocatalytic efficiency and were certified for the lowest photonic emission by PL analysis. There was a trivial loss of activity even after four re-cycle tests. A mechanism for photocatalysis by BiOCl/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites was also proposed.
关键词： BiOCl/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites,Photocatalysis,Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties of CuGaO2/ZnO hexagonal platelet hybrids
摘要： Delafossite CuGaO2 as a p-type semiconductor is classified as a wide band-gap semiconductor owing to direct transitions on the high energy side. Solid state reaction and sol-gel synthesis are applicable as traditional methods for synthesizing delafossite CuGaO2. However, both synthesis methods require high temperatures, and the sol-gel method additionally requires a nitrogen gas atmosphere. In this study, hexagonal-platelet CuGaO2 is synthesized using a hydrothermal method, which can also be adapted to the synthesis of the CuGaO2/ZnO hybrids. As a result, it was found that the surface of platelet CuGaO2 particles could be used to create hybrids with n-type ZnO semiconductors. This paper also presents the optical band-gap energy and photocatalytic properties of hexagonal-platelet CuGaO2 and CuGaO2/ZnO hybrids.
关键词： photocatalytic properties,p-type semiconductor,Hydrothermal synthesis,optical bandgap,hexagonal platelet hybrid
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Graphene Oxide - Applications and Opportunities || Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogels
摘要： In this chapter, we will discuss aerogels based on graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide—promising composite materials, based on 2D carbon nanoparticles, with a certain architecture that prevents aggregation of graphene layers with a highly developed surface that have a high potential technological realization as materials for supercapacitors, sensors, batteries, and actuators. This chapter describes the existing methods for producing composite aerogels based on graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide, the structural features of these materials, the most relevant studies in the areas of surface modification, architectural control, improvement of mechanical properties, and the most interesting applications. It has been shown that such materials have relatively high specific surface values and a high degree of exfoliation of graphene layers, but an urgent need is to improve them, which is due to the fragility of graphene aerogels and composite materials based on them, as well as the need to modify the surface to control porosity.
关键词： cross linking,hydrothermal synthesis,highly porous materials,carbon based materials,reduced graphene oxide aerogels,graphene oxide aerogels,self-gelation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Time Dependent Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2 Nanorods and their Photoelectrochemical Applications
摘要： In the present investigation, we report facile hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanorods with high density rutile phase on Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) for enhanced solar cell application. The structural, optical, morphological, compositional and electrochemical properties are investigated by detailed XRD, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, FESEM, TEM, EDAX, XPS and photoelectrochemical studies. It is demonstrated that, the deposited TiO2 thin film shows pure rutile phase with tetragonal crystal structure. Optical spectra showed strong light absorption in UV region and FESEM images confirm the time dependent growth of TiO2 nanorods. EDAX and XPS Spectra confirm the formation of pure TiO2 nanorods. Photoelectrochemical performance with respect to time dependent growth of TiO2 nanorods showed highest photoconversion efficiency = 5.1%.
关键词： Hydrothermal synthesis,Photoelectrochemical cell property,Single crystalline,Photoconversion efficiency,TiO2 nanorods,Transparent conducting oxide (TCO)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol with the use of FTO/TiO2/SrTiO3 composite prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method
摘要： Microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was applied to obtain SrTiO3 photocatalyst by transformation of a thin TiO2 layer deposited on the conducting solid substrate (FTO-glass) via dissolution-precipitation reaction in alkaline solution. The influence of Sr2+ ions concentration on crystallinity, composition as well as photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the resultant materials was investigated. The XRD studies indicated the presence of some amount of co-deposited SrSiO3 due to reaction of metasilicates released from the glass substrate (not covered with FTO film). However, the process of glass dissolution was substantially prevented by protection of the back side of the sample with a Teflon tape. The best activity in photodecomposition of 4-chlorophenol under irradiation with 365 nm diode was obtained for FTO/TiO2/SrTiO3 composite fabricated in 6 h synthesis in the solution containing 0.1 M Sr(NO3)2, at temperature of 180 °C. The photoelectrochemical properties of the composites and FTO/TiO2 electrode were studied in the solution of Na2SO4 under illumination with a xenon lamp. The increased photocurrent density and longer electron lifetime for the hybrid system in comparison to those of TiO2 was discussed in terms of suppressed recombination rate due to formation of TiO2/SrTiO3 interface. It was also found that the side product, SrSiO3, reveals an excellent adsorption properties with respect to methylene blue and therefore, the system SrTiO3/TiO2/FTO/glass/SrSiO3 may be used as bifunctional composite for adsorption and photocatalysis.
关键词： 4-Chlorophenol photodecomposition,Photocatalysis,SrSiO3,Photoelectrochemical properties,Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis,TiO2/SrTiO3,Electron lifetime
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21