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Comparison of immersion ultrasound and low coherence reflectometry for ocular biometry in cataract patients
摘要： ● Aim: To compare the results of axial length (AL) biometry in cataract eyes by three methods: immersion B-ultrasound (iB) biometry, immersion A-ultrasound (iA) biometry and optical low coherence reflectometry. ● Methods: In this prospective observational study of eyes with cataract AL measurements were performed using immersion ultrasound and optical low coherence reflectometry device. The results were evaluated using Bland-Altman analyses. The differences between both methods were assessed using the paired t-test, and its correlation was evaluated by Pearson coefficient. ● Results: Eighty eyes of 80 patients (39 men and 41 women) for cataract surgery were included in the study. The values of AL could be got from all 80 eyes by iB and iA, the difference of AL measurements between iA and iB was of no statistical significance (P=0.97); the mean difference in AL measurements was -0.031 mm (P=0.26; 95%CI, -0.09 to 0.02); linear regression showed an excellent correlation (r=0.98, P<0.0001). Forty-five of eighty eyes with results of AL measurements, which can be obtained by three methods; the difference of AL measurements was of no statistical significance (iA vs iB, P=0.18; iA vs Lenstar, P=0.51; iB vs Lenstar, P=0.07); linear regression showed an excellent correlation (iA vs iB, r=0.99; iA vs Lenstar, r=0.96; iB vs Lenstar, r=0.96); Bland-Altman analysis also showed good agreement between the two methods [iA vs iB, 95% limits of agreement (LoA), -0.36 to 0.28 mm; iA vs Lenstar, 95% LoA, -0.65 to 0.69 mm; iB vs Lenstar, 95% LoA, -0.55 to 0.68 mm]. ● Conclusion: Measurements with the optical low coherence reflectometry correlated well with iB and iA.
关键词： ultrasonography,axial length,immersion,biometry
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Integrated effects of fractional laser microablation and sonophoresis on skin immersion optical clearing in vivo
摘要： This study is aimed to find an approach for effective skin optical clearing in vivo using polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG-300) as an optical clearing agent in combination with physical enhancers: fractional laser microablation (FLMA), and/or low-frequency sonophoresis. In this study albino outbred rats were used. Light attenuation coefficient and optical clearing potential of these approaches were evaluated in upper (from ~70 to ~200 μm) and middle (from ~200 to ~400 μm) dermis separately using optical coherence tomography (OCT). In 30 min, optical clearing potential of sonophoresis in combination with FLMA and PEG-300 in the upper dermis was the maximal (2.3±0.4) in comparison with other treatments in this time point. The most effective approach for optical clearing of middle dermis was PEG-300 and sonophoresis; but the maximal value of optical clearing potential (1.6±0.1) was achieved only in 90 min.
关键词： Optical Coherence Tomography,Laser Tissue Ablation,Immersion,Ultrasonic Therapy,Skin
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Determination of Phonon Deformation Potentials in Carbon-Doped Silicon
摘要： Carbon-doped silicon (Si:C) is used as a stressor to the channel of n-type metal oxide semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET). In this study, we determined PDPs, phonon deformation potentials, (p and q) of Si:C to realize evaluation of anisotropic biaxial stress by using water-immersion Raman spectroscopy. Raman peak shift in longitudinal and transverse optical (LO and TO) phonon modes were measured by water-immersion Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, in-plane and out-of-plane strain were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the Raman shift and the in-plane strain, p and q in each sample were derived. As a result, it took a different value from pure-Si, and the PDPs tended to increase as the C concentration increased.
关键词： phonon deformation potentials,strain evaluation,Carbon-doped silicon,X-ray diffraction,water-immersion Raman spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Sequential deposition method of TiO <sub/>2</sub> /CH <sub/>3</sub> NH <sub/>3</sub> PbI <sub/>3</sub> films for solar cell application
摘要： Seeking to study innovative solar cell compositions with the goal to reach the highest energy efficiency level attainable, the aim of this study was to develop a route to obtain a solar cell composed by hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) using a sequential deposition method through the techniques of spin-coating and immersion. Initially, the deposition of PbI2 thin film of was performed on a FTO/glass substrate coated with TiO2, which was subsequently converted into perovskite crystals through spin coating using a CH3NH3I solution. The influence of the PbI2 layer thickness on the formation of CH3NH3PbI3 crystals was evaluated. The hydrophilic characteristic of TiO2 affects the distribution of the crystals nucleation sites, since PbI2 possesses a non-polar liquid characteristic. The characterization of the perovskite thin films showed that thickness affects directly the bandgap and the surface morphology, revealing the presence of dendritic structures and acicular crystals. Both growth and coverage increased for thinner layers of PbI2. It was also possible to observe an increased uniformity in the film for smaller PbI2 layers.
关键词： solar cell,immersion,sequential deposition,TiO2,spin-coating,perovskite,CH3NH3PbI3
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy with an Immersion Grating
摘要： Direct frequency comb spectroscopy (DFCS) in the mid-infrared region, especially in the long mid-infrared region (>5 μm), is a powerful technique for atmospheric remote sensing and fundamental spectroscopy such as studies of C60. DFCS has been demonstrated in Fourier transform spectroscopy, dual-comb spectroscopy, and techniques involving a dispersive spectrometer. Although a dispersive spectrometer with a virtually-imaged phase array (VIPA) can probe transient molecules by recording spectra within 10 μs, it has the disadvantages of low throughput and limited-bandwidth, which present challenges for sensitive, broadband detection at high time resolution. In this work, we overcame the challenges of a VIPA spectrometer by developing a direct frequency comb spectrometer in the 8.5 μm region using an immersion grating. A preliminary demonstration was reported at 4 μm in this conference two years ago. The spectrometer provides the capability to perform precise spectroscopy of transient and large molecules in the long mid-infrared region.
关键词： fundamental spectroscopy,atmospheric remote sensing,immersion grating,Direct frequency comb spectroscopy,mid-infrared
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Coupling heterostructure of thickness-controlled nickel oxide nanosheets layer and titanium dioxide nanorod arrays via immersion route for self-powered solid-state ultraviolet photosensor applications
摘要： A coupling heterostructure consisting of nickel oxide nanosheets (NNS) and titanium dioxide nanorod arrays (TNAs) was fabricated for self-powered solid-state ultraviolet (UV) photosensor applications. By controlling the thickness of the NNS layer by via varying the growth time from 1 to 5 h at a deposition temperature of 90 °C, the coupling NNS/TNAs heterojunction films were formed and their structural, optical, electrical and UV photoresponse properties were investigated. The photocurrent measured from the fabricated self-powered UV photosensor was improved by increasing the thickness of NNS from 140 to 170 nm under UV irradiation (365 nm, 750 mWcm?2) at 0 V bias. A maximum photocurrent density of 0.510 mA?cm?2 was achieved for a sample with a NNS thickness of 170 nm and prepared with a 3 h NNS growth time. Our results showed that the fabricated NNS/TNAs heterojunction has potential applications for self-powered UV photosensors.
关键词： TiO2 nanorods,Electronic materials,Semiconductors,Immersion route,Photosensor,NiO nanosheets
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Quantum dot thermometry at ultra-low temperature in a dilution refrigerator with a <sup>4</sup> He immersion cell
摘要： Experiments performed at a temperature of a few millikelvins require effective thermalization schemes, low-pass filtering of the measurement lines, and low-noise electronics. Here, we report on the modifications to a commercial dilution refrigerator with a base temperature of 3.5 mK that enable us to lower the electron temperature to 6.7 mK measured from the Coulomb peak width of a quantum dot gate-defined in an [Al]GaAs heteostructure. We present the design and implementation of a liquid 4He immersion cell tight against superleaks, implement an innovative wiring technology, and develop optimized transport measurement procedures.
关键词： quantum dot thermometry,ultra-low temperature,dilution refrigerator,4He immersion cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics (ICSE) - Kuala Lumpur (2018.8.15-2018.8.17)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics (ICSE) - Facile Synthesis of N-doped ZnO Nanorod Arrays: Towards Enhancing the UV-sensing Performance
摘要： Nitrogen (N) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays at different doping concentrations from 0 at.% (undoped) to 2 at.% have been prepared using sol-gel immerse method. FESEM images revealed that the average diameter increased when the concentration of N in ZnO increased. The I-V measurement displayed that 1 at.% sample possessed the lowest resistance film and exhibit the highest UV sensing performance with sensitivity of 12.9.
关键词： nanorod,Nitrogen,immersion,zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[ACM Press SIGGRAPH Asia 2018 Virtual & Augmented Reality - Tokyo, Japan (2018.12.04-2018.12.07)] SIGGRAPH Asia 2018 Virtual & Augmented Reality on - SA '18 - Flow zone
摘要： Many people want to live a happy and fulfilling life, yet finding this positive sense of well-being is often quite a challenge. Flow is a wonderfully powerful experience that not only feels amazing in the moment but actually improves a person’s general sense of well-being as well. It seems like a great answer to this problem, but unfortunately the complex concoction of parameters necessary to enter flow prevent the experience from occurring regularly. Flow Zone aims to lower the barrier to entry with its sophisticated design tailored to maximize potential for flow. VR was used as the medium to create an immersive environment that simultaneously removes distractions and focuses the player’s attention on the task at hand. The enhanced immersiveness of cross-modality combined with game design elements centered around creative expression through music creates a streamlined pathway to the flow state.
关键词： Immersion,Cross-Modality,Music,Positive Technology,Flow,Virtual Reality,Well-Being
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Robust nonlinear control of atomic force microscope via immersion and invariance
摘要： This paper reports an immersion and invariance (I&I)–based robust nonlinear controller for atomic force microscope (AFM) applications. The AFM dynamics is prone to chaos, which, in practice, leads to performance degradation and inaccurate measurements. Therefore, we design a nonlinear tracking controller that stabilizes the AFM dynamics around a desired periodic orbit. To this end, in the tracking error state space, we define a target invariant manifold, on which the system dynamics fulfills the control objective. First, considering a nominal case with full state measurement and no modeling uncertainty, we design an I&I controller to render the target manifold exponentially attractive. Next, we consider an uncertain AFM dynamics, in which only the displacement of the probe cantilever is measured. In the framework of the I&I method, we recast the robust output feedback control problem as the immersion of the output feedback closed-loop system into the nominal full state one. For this purpose, we define another target invariant manifold that recovers the performance of the nominal control system. Moreover, to handle large uncertainty/disturbances, we incorporate the method of active disturbance rejection into the I&I output feedback control. Through Lyapunov-based analysis of the closed-loop stability and robustness, we show the semiglobal practical stability and convergence of the tracking error dynamics. Finally, we present a set of detailed, comparative software simulations to assess the effectiveness of the control method.
关键词： output feedback control,chaos,immersion and invariance,disturbance rejection control,atomic force microscope
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14