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A Near Infrared-Modulated Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Stabilization of Indocyanine Green and Combinatorial Anticancer Phototherapy
摘要： Indocyanine green (ICG), a multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) imaging agent approved by the FDA, has been extensively used in clinical cancer theranosis, but limited by its inherent instability, short plasma half-life and lack of targeting ability. Herein, an in situ formed photothermal network based thermosensitive hydrogel (PNT-gel) constructed by supramolecular cross-linking conjugated polymers was developed for stabilization of ICG and efficient combinatorial photothermal/photodynamic antitumor therapy. While the conjugated polymeric backbone in PNT-gel anchored the aromatic phototherapeutic agent ICG via π–π stacking interactions to avoid premature leakage, it also directly converted low-dose NIR light to induce localized hyperthermia to enhance the photothermal effect. The PNT-gel shows a reversible gel-to-sol upper critical solution temperature (UCST) that is slightly above the body temperature. Therefore, the controlled release of ICG was switched on or off by NIR via photothermal-induced gel-sol transition. In vitro and in vivo antitumor experiments demonstrated that ICG loaded PNT-gel not only efficiently induced the killing of 4T1 cancer cells, but also achieved almost complete eradication of 4T1 cells by one-dose in combinatorial photothermal/photodynamic therapy under irradiation of a low-dose 808 nm laser (0.14 W cm-2). Additionally, the combinational therapy proved to enhance the effectiveness of photodestruction without tumor recurrence compared with intratumoral injection photothermal therapy (PTT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment alone.
关键词： Near Infrared-Modulated Thermosensitive Hydrogel,Combinatorial Anticancer Phototherapy,Indocyanine Green,Photodynamic Therapy,Photothermal Therapy
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Prospective feasibility study for single-tracer sentinel node mapping by ICG (indocyanine green) fluorescence and OSNA (one-step nucleic acid amplification) assay in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery
摘要： Background The double-tracer method has been established for sentinel node (SN) mapping in gastric cancer surgery. However, there remain several unresolved issues that prevent its widespread use in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of single-tracer SN mapping in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer, using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging with a one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay intraoperatively. Methods Patients with clinical T1N0M0 gastric adenocarcinoma preoperatively were considered for inclusion if they had a single primary lesion 4 cm or less in maximal diameter. Immunohistochemical staining with the anti-cytokeratin 19 antibody was performed on preoperative biopsy specimens, and patients with faint positive reactions were excluded. Intraoperatively, single-tracer SN biopsy with ICG fluorescence imaging was performed, followed by laparoscopic gastrectomy with modified D1+ or D2 lymph node dissection. Results Twenty eligible patients underwent SN biopsy and laparoscopic gastrectomy. SNs were identified in 17 cases (85%), with a median number of three SNs per patient. The median times for SN mapping and OSNA assay were 19 and 35 min, respectively. OSNA assay detected one metastatic lymph node, but all other nodes were negative. No adverse effects were observed in relation to SN mapping. Conclusions Single-tracer SN mapping by ICG fluorescence imaging with intraoperative diagnosis by OSNA assay is feasible and safe. SNs can be identified in most patients, without producing false-negative results. Further clinical trial to demonstrate the sensitivity is ongoing.
关键词： Fluorescence imaging,Indocyanine green,Sentinel lymph node,Surgical pathology,Gastric cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Indocyanine green–encapsulated nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for highly effective chemo-photothermal combination?cancer therapy
摘要： Indocyanine green (ICG), as the only U.S. Food and Drug Administrationeapproved near-infrared (NIR) clinical agent, has been considered as an ideal light absorber for laser-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) in cancer treatment. However, the practical applications of ICG are severely hampered by its poor aqueous stability, rapid body clearance, and low cellular uptake. To overcome these limitations, we herein report the successful example of integrating ICG into a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) to fabricate a novel nanoscale ICG@ZIF-8 hybrid material. Through a simple one-pot synthesis method, a high loading content of 20.6% can be achieved in the resultant ICG@ZIF-8. The photostability and tumor accumulation of ICG are notably promoted due to the protection of the framework, leading to enhanced photothermal conversion ef?ciency. Furthermore, we also discover, for the ?rst time, that the pH-triggered release of large amount of Zn2t from ZIF-8 in tumor acidic microenvironment also signi?cantly contributes to targeted killing of cancer cells. As a result of the combined PTT and chemotherapy, ICG@ZIF-8 exhibits greatly improved diagnostic ef?cacy for both in vitro and in vivo cancer therapy, leading to 91% tumor eradication in all the mice treated with ICG@ZIF-8 and NIR irradiation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)estained slices show that no noticeable tissue damage is observed in major organs, indicating the safety of ICG@ZIF-8.
关键词： Cancer,Metal-organic framework,Chemotherapy,Indocyanine green,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Absolute quantification (ml blood/sec???mm2 tissue) of normal vs. diabetic foot skin microvascular blood perfusion: Feasibility of FM-PPG measurements under clinical conditions
摘要： Fluorescence-mediated photoplethysmography (FM-PPG) is the first routine clinical methodology by which to quantifiably measure tissue blood perfusion in absolute terms (mL blood/sec ? mm2 tissue). The FM-PPG methodology has been described in detail previously in this journal (MVR 114, 2017, 92-100), along with initial proof-of-concept measurements of blood perfusion in both ocular and forearm skin tissues. The motivation for the current study was to investigate whether FM-PPG can be used readily and routinely under realistic clinical conditions. The vehicle for doing this was to measure medial foot capillary blood flow, i.e., tissue perfusion, in 7 normal subjects, mean = 6.76 ± 2.29 E-005 mL/(sec ? mm2), and lesion-free areas of 8 type-2 diabetic patients with skin ulceration, mean = 4.67 + 3.15 E-005 mL/(sec ? mm2). Thus, perfusion in the diabetics was found to be moderately lower than that in the normal control subjects. Earlier skin perfusion measurements in medial forearms of 4 normal subjects, mean = 2.64 + 0.22 E-005 mL/(sec ? mm2), were lower than both the normal and diabetic foot perfusion measurements. Variability in the heartbeat-to-heartbeat blood perfusion pulses in the skin capillaries, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation among beat-to-beat pulses divided by the mean perfusion of those pulses, was determined for each subject. Average variability in foot skin was 21% in the diabetic population, versus 16% for normal subjects; and it was 18% in forearm skin. We conclude that absolute quantitative FM-PPG measurement of skin blood perfusion at the level of nutritive capillaries is feasible routinely under clinical conditions, allowing for quantitative measurement of skin tissue blood perfusion in absolute terms.
关键词： Indocyanine green dye,Type-2 diabetes,Fluorescence-mediated photoplethysmography,Foot skin blood perfusion,Absolute quantification
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Intratumorally Injected Photothermal Agent-Loaded Photodynamic Nanocarriers for Ablation of Orthotopic Melanoma and Breast Cancer
摘要： Traditional chemotherapy of cancers may lead to serious adverse reactions due to little drug distribution in tumors. Here, a combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) was used for local treatment of orthotopic melanoma and breast cancer via intratumoral (i.t.) injection of photothermal agent-loaded photodynamic nanocarriers. A hydrophobic derivative of indocyanine green, DCC, was synthesized and entrapped into a pH-sensitive photosensitizer-core copolymer, PDCZP, to form DCC@PDCZP. The nanocarriers showed remarkable fluorescence, high singlet oxygen quantum yields, and strong photothermal effect. Flow cytometry suggested that the nanocarriers were efficiently internalized by cancer cells. Near infrared thermal imaging and fluorescence self-imaging showed that the i.t. injected DCC@PDCZP mainly remained in the tumors but the intravenous (i.v.) nanocarriers were distributed a little. One i.t. injection of DCC@PDCZP was enough to ablate the orthotopic B16-F10 and 4T1 mouse tumors under 830 nm and 660 nm irradiation at 4 hours post-injection. More importantly, no local recurrences were found though scabs were formed at 9 days post-treatment. The major anticancer mechanisms included improvement of cancer cell necrosis due to hyperthermia, inhibition of neovascularization, and enhancement of cell apoptosis. The i.t. injection of PTT/PDT nanoformulations is thus a promising local treatment of superficial tumors.
关键词： zinc phthalocyanine,intratumoral injection,melanoma,indocyanine green,breast cancer,photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Aportaciones de la fluorescencia a la cirugía endocrina
摘要： The use of fluorescence in surgery has expanded and become widespread in recent years, which has led to a real technological phenomenon with the emergence of devices adapted for use in laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Fluorescence-guided surgery in the field of endocrine surgery is also on the rise. More and more articles describe its use in surgery of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, although the series are still modest in size and protocols have not been standardized. There are currently several developing areas for the application of fluorescence in endocrine surgery, including the use of fluorescence with indocyanine green in adrenal gland surgery, the identification and prediction of parathyroid perfusion with indocyanine green, and autofluorescence of the parathyroid glands. The objective of this article is to review the current applications of fluorescence in endocrine surgery.
关键词： Thyroid surgery,Parathyroid surgery,Indocyanine green,Endocrine surgery,Fluorescence-guided surgery,Adrenal surgery,Autofluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Advances in imaging and molecular diagnostics of ocular tuberculosis and selected observations from the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)
摘要： Introduction: Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is a rare extra-pulmonary manifestation with protean clinical manifestations. Ocular TB as a cause of potentially blinding disease has been recently recognized by ophthalmologists as well as pulmonologists. In the past decade, there has been a great leap in our understanding of the disease pathogenesis, clinical and imaging features, as well as therapeutic challenges and disease complications. Areas covered: In this expert review, an emphasis has been laid on the recent advances in ocular imaging including wide-field fundus imaging, fluorescein angiography and autofluorescence, enhanced-depth optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, among others, as well as progress in the field of diagnostics such as polymerase chain reaction and other nucleic acid amplification tests. Findings from the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS), a multicentric study on ocular TB, have been explained in details. Expert opinion: Due to rapid advances in the field of fundus imaging and laboratory testing, it has become possible to recognize the pathological alterations observed in ocular TB. With further research, it may be possible to generate a consensus on the diagnosis and management of this entity in the future.
关键词： Tuberculosis,optical coherence tomography,choroiditis,fluorescein angiography,serpiginous-like choroiditis,indocyanine green angiography,uveitis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synergistic in vitro effects of indocyanine green and ethylenediamine tetraacetate-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy combined with antibiotics for resistant bacterial biofilms in diabetic foot infection
摘要： Background: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most important determinants in diabetic foot infections outcomes. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has been proposed as an alternative approach for inactivating bacteria, especially resistant bacterial biofilms. This research investigated the synergistic effects of PACT mediated by the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) combined with antibiotics against common pathogens of diabetic foot ulcer infection, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in vitro. Methods: Planktonic bacteria and biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were incubated with ICG and EDTA, and then exposed to laser treatment. Quantitative viable counting estimates the phototoxic effects on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MRPA) to PACT treatment was detected by disk diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods. Confocal microscopy was used to detect the morphology of biofilms treated with PACT and antibiotics. The resazurin assay was used to quantify the metabolic activity of bacteria in biofilms. Results: PACT mediated by ICG and EDTA led to a more pronounced antibacterial effect in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa compared with ICG alone-mediated PACT. P. aeruginosa was more sensitive to ICG and EDTA-mediated PACT than S. aureus. After PACT treatment, the susceptibility of MRSA and MRPA to antibiotics increased. Furthermore, PACT combined with antibiotic treatment significantly contributed to killing bacteria in the biofilm and disrupting biofilm structure. Conclusions: ICG and EDTA-mediated PACT combined with antibiotics synergistically enhanced the effects of sterilization and biofilm destruction.
关键词： photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy,antibacterial effect,diabetic foot infection,bacterial biofilm,EDTA,indocyanine green
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Research on indocyanine green angiography for predicting postoperative hypoparathyroidism
摘要： Background: It may be critical to locate the parathyroid for surgeons during thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy due to the significant function of the parathyroid in calcium balance. According to recent reports, the intrinsic fluorescence of the parathyroid has been found. There is some evidence supporting that new equipment can detect fluorescence via imaging technology. In this study, a newly-invented intraoperative fluorescence imaging system and indocyanine green dye were applied to detect the parathyroid glands and evaluate the vascularization of the parathyroid. The report is as follows. Methods: From May 1st to August 8st, 2018, 26 patients underwent total thyroidectomy in Zhuhai People’s Hospital and were recruited into our research. All identified parathyroid glands were scored visually from grade 0 to grade 2 according to the vascularity of the parathyroid before ICG angiography was performed. After ICG angiography, parathyroid glands were scored from score 0 to score 2 according to the FI. Results: Visual scores were significantly higher than ICG angiography scores. In the 22 patients with at least one parathyroid gland with an ICG score of 2, postoperative PTH levels were in the normal range. In the 4 patients with no parathyroid gland with an ICG score of 2, 2 of them developed transient hypoparathyroidism, with recovery on POD 7 for the first patient and after 3 months for the second one. Conclusion: This study has identified that the fluorescence imaging system applied with indocyanine green is a safe, easy and effective method to protect the parathyroid and predict postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Registration number: ChiCTR1800016864.
关键词： Fluorescence imaging system,Indocyanine green,Postoperative hypoparathyroidism.,Parathyroid
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Prediction of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy using indocyanine green angiography of parathyroid glands: a simple quantitative scoring system.
摘要： Background: Hypocalcemia is one of the most common complications after total thyroidectomy. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) angiography of the parathyroid glands (PGs) has been suggested as a reliable tool for predicting postoperative hypocalcemia. The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of a simple quantitative score based on ICG angiography of the PGs (4-ICG score) for predicting postoperative hypocalcemia. Methods: Thirty nine consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter were included. For each patient, the 4-ICG score was calculated, adding the individual viability value of the four PGs. Discrimination and correlation analyses were performed. Results: In 32/39 patients, the four PGs were identified. Patients with postoperative hypocalcemia (n=6, 19%) had a lower 4-ICG score (2.5 [1.8–3.3] vs. 4.0 [3.0–6.0]; p = .003). The 4-ICG score showed good discrimination in terms of predicting postoperative hypocalcemia (AUC=0.875 (0.710–0.965); p=.001) and a good correlation with postoperative parathyroid function. Conclusions: The 4-ICG score predicts postoperative hypocalcemia and correlates well with postoperative parathyroid function in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter.
关键词： Parathyroid hormone,Indocyanine green,Multinodular goiter.,Parathyroid,Thyroidectomy,Hypocalcemia
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29