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Indoline and benzothiazole-based squaraine dye-sensitized solar cells containing bis-pendent sulfonate groups: Synthesis, characterization and solar cell performance
摘要： Two new symmetric squaraine sensitizers (SQTHZ and SQIND) carrying benzothiazole and indoline moieties as strong electron donating groups to inject the electron into the TiO2 nanoparticles were tested as DSSC. The theoretical calculations and absorption results show that the electron density of LUMO of SQTHZ is delocalized in the whole chromophore, leading to strong electronic coupling between SQTHZ sensitizer and the conduction band of TiO2. Furthermore, the presence of long alkyl chain with pendent bis-SO3- groups would inhibit recombination and decrease the dye aggregation. Interestingly, SQTHZ displayed UV-Vis and NIR absorption at a longer wavelength compared to SQIND. This structure feature, as well as optical properties, would lead to improved efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell with overall better photovoltaic performance (η of 3.31 %, Jsc of 7.65 mA/ cm2, Voc of 0.59, ff of 0.71 and IPCE of 47 % at 674 nm) compared to SQIND.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical properties,DFT,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Symmetric squaraine dyes
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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RbF post deposition treatment for narrow bandgap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
摘要： Multi-junction solar cells are known to have a considerably increased efficiency potential over their typical single junction counterparts. In order to produce low cost and lightweight multi-junction devices, the availability of suitable narrow (<1.1 eV) bandgap bottom cells is paramount. A possible absorber for such a bottom cell is the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) compound semiconductor, one of the most efficient thin film materials to date. In this contribution we report on the RbF post deposition treatment of narrow bandgap CIGS absorbers grown with a single bandgap grading approach. We discuss the necessary deposition conditions and the observed improvements on solar cells performance. A certified record efficiency of 18.0 % for an absorber with 1.00 eV optoelectronic bandgap is presented and its suitability for perovskite/CIGS tandem devices is shown.
关键词： Post deposition treatment,Narrow bandgap,Tandem solar cells,Thin film solar cells,photovoltaics,Rubidium fluoride,Copper indium gallium selenide
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Device simulation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by means of voltage dependent admittance spectroscopy
摘要： The simulation of solar cell devices is important for the understanding of defect physics and loss mechanisms in real solar cells. On the other hand, voltage dependent admittance spectroscopy delivers essential information for establishing a baseline simulation model of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells. Here we give an explanation for the weak temperature dependence of the N1-signal, the latter being not compatible with a bulk defect or with a simple hole barrier at the Mo back contact. Furthermore, we find a Ed,IF – EV ≈ 0.3 eV deep recombination-active acceptor state at the absorber/buffer interface made of air-light exposed CIGSe absorbers. This gives us the ability to explain the reduction of power conversion efficiency of solar cells made from air-light exposed absorbers. From the voltage dependent capacitance step of this interface defect we can deduce the formerly unknown position of the Fermi level at the hetero junction in equilibrium which is close to mid-gap. Simulation of dark J-V curves allows a refinement of the parameter of this absorber/buffer interface defect, resulting in a defect density of Nd,IF ≈ 3.5·1011 cm-2 as well as capture cross sections of σn ≈ 4·10-16 cm2 for electrons and σp ≈ 3·10-11 cm2 for holes.
关键词： device simulation,Cu(In,Ga)Se2,admittance spectroscopy,defect physics,solar cells
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Manufacturing of All Inkjet-Printed Organic Photovoltaic Cell Arrays and Evaluating their Suitability for Flexible Electronics
摘要： The generation of electrical energy depending on renewable sources is rapidly growing and gaining serious attention due to its green sustainability. With fewer adverse impacts on the environment, the sun is considered as a nearly infinite source of renewable energy in the production of electrical energy using photovoltaic devices. On the other end, organic photovoltaic (OPV) is the class of solar cells that offers several advantages such as mechanical flexibility, solution processability, environmental friendliness, and being lightweight. In this research, we demonstrate the manufacturing route for printed OPV device arrays based on conventional architecture and using inkjet printing technology over an industrial platform. Inkjet technology is presently considered to be one of the most matured digital manufacturing technologies because it offers inherent additive nature and last stage customization flexibility (if the main goal is to obtain custom design devices). In this research paper, commercially available electronically functional inks were carefully selected and then implemented to show the importance of compatibility between OPV material stacks and the device architecture. One of the main outcomes of this work is that the manufacturing of the OPV devices was accomplished using inkjet technology in massive numbers ranging up to 1500 containing different device sizes, all of which were deposited on a flexible polymeric film and under normal atmospheric conditions. In this investigation, it was found that with a set of correct functional materials and architecture, a manufacturing yield of more than 85% could be accomplished, which would reflect high manufacturing repeatability, deposition accuracy, and processability of the inkjet technology.
关键词： inkjet technology,flexible electronics,organic photovoltaics,Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) free solar cells
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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High lying energy of charge-transfer states and small energetic offsets enabled by fluorinated quinoxaline-based alternating polymer and alkyl-thienyl side-chain modified non-fullerene acceptor
摘要： Significant driving forces are the prerequisite to achieve fast and efficient charge separation in fullerene derivatives-based polymer solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the large driving forces both in photo-induced hole transfer (PHT) and in photo-induced electron transfer (PET) processes lead to significant energy losses, resulting in low open-circuit voltage in the devices. Recent studies indicate the driving forces in non-fullerene acceptors-based devices can be reduced to very low values but still with high PCE and low energy losses. Herein, we report a new donor:acceptor system with high lying energy of charge-transfer excitons (ECT) of 1.50 eV and very small driving forces (PHT of 0.28 eV and PET of 0.11 eV), in which a fluorinated quinoxaline-based alternating polymer (FTQ) and an alkyl-thienyl side-chain modified small molecule (ITIC-Th) are taken as the donor material and non-fullerene acceptor material, respectively. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.19% with maximal external quantum efficiency of 71% are achieved successfully in FTQ:ITIC-Th-based device after appropriate thermal annealing treatment, indicating FTQ can be further applied as donor materials with other highly efficient NF-acceptors to achieve enhanced performances and low energy losses.
关键词： Power conversion efficiency,Driving forces,Energy of charge-transfer states,Polymer solar cells
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Improvement of Ga distribution with Sb incorporation for two-step low-temperature processing of CIGSe thin film solar cells
摘要： In this study, the application of Sb incorporation for low-temperature (≤ 450 °C) processing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells is explored. At low reaction temperature, most Ga remains at the back of the ?lm adjacent to the Mo back contact. We observed that the incorporated Sb enhanced grain size and improved device performance compared with similarly processed CIGSe ?lms made without Sb. From the energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry results, it was determined that elemental Ga accumulation at the back of the reacted ?lm after the two-step selenization process was signi?cantly alleviated owing to Sb incorporation. Signi?cant Sb-induced grain size enhancement was con?rmed using cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. The electronic and optical properties of the Sb incorporated CIGSe ?lms were examined with admittance spectroscopy and ?uorescence lifetime imaging techniques.
关键词： Ga distribution,Thin ?lm solar cell,Sb incorporation,Low temperature process
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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The characteristics of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells by bandgap grading
摘要： The performance of CIGSe-1 and CIGSe-2 absorber layers are compared with Eg grading such that a higher Ga content is incorporated into the back region. A wider depth range of the high-Ga region near the back of a CIGSe absorber layer can reduce its performance due to the increased formation of Ga-related defects and defect clusters. Therefore, for an Eg-graded CIGSe layer with a wider Eg on the back surface, appropriate Eg grading can improve its performance.
关键词： CIGSe,bandgap grading,defect,surface potential,solar cell
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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A simple method to synthesize low-cost carbon modified TiO <sub/>2</sub> counter electrodes for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Low cost and stable counter electrodes (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are promising for widespread use. In this paper, we report a simple and effective method to synthesize carbon modified TiO2 (TiO2/C) thin film as an abundant low cost CE for high-efficiency DSSC. The TiO2 paste layer contained organic compound was deposited on FTO glass substrate by a screen-printing method. When annealing the TiO2 paste layer at 450–550 °C under Ar flow, these organic compounds are decomposed to carbon to form carbon coated TiO2 nanoparticles. When used as a CE of DSSCs, the experimental results point out that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs was obviously improved to near that of the referenced Pt CE. For TiO2/C is one of the cheapest and most stable materials, this TiO2/C can be used as a low cost CE for large scale high efficient DSSCs.
关键词： carbon nano materials,solar energy materials,counter electrode,dye-sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Copper-Based Volumetric Filler Dedicated for Ag Paste for Depositing the Front Electrodes by Printing on Solar Si Cells
摘要： In this work we present research results on a new paste NPCuXX (where: NP—new paste, CuXX—component, XX—a modifier consisting of Ni and other important elements) based on a copper composite (CuXX) for fabrication of front electrodes in silicon solar cells. The CuXX composite is obtained by chemical processing of copper powder particles and can be used in two ways: as an additive to commercially available paste or as a base material for a new paste, NPCuXX. The CuXX offers the possibility to exchange up to 30 and 50 wt.% Ag into Cu, which significantly decreases the solar cells material costs, and therefore, the overall solar cell price. Emphasis was placed on a proper mass suitable fabrication process of the CuXX component. The NPCuXX paste has been applied both to conventional cell structures such as aluminum-back surface field (Al-BSF) and passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC), and finally solar cells with front electrodes deposited by screen-printing method were fabricated and characterized by current-voltage techniques. This paper reports the first implementation of the copper volumetric material into a screen print paste used in a high-temperature metallization process to fabricate the front contacts of Si solar cells with a highest fill factor of 77.92 and 77.69% for the abovementioned structures, respectively.
关键词： crystalline silicon solar cells,front electrode,copper-based volumetric filler
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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In Situ Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Hierarchically Arranged Metal Sulfide Counter Electrodes to Boost Stability and Efficiency of Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： This study describes preparation of metal sulfide counter electrodes (CEs) through one-pot microwave-assisted route to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells at a lower cost. The CuS nanorods, Ni0.96S nanoparticles, and PbS nanocubes are synthesized and deposited in situ on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate to serve as CEs without further post-treatment. Effects of several reaction parameters including sulfur precursor (Na2S, C2H5NS, CH4N2S), Cu concentration, reaction time, and choice of cation (Cu, Ni, Pb) on the CEs morphology, electrochemical characteristics, and PCE are studied. Furthermore, nanostructure formation and thin film growth are studied and correlated with PCE, from which morphology- and composition-performance relationships can be inferred. Hierarchically assembled nanorod CuS CEs exhibit higher electrochemical stability in the S2–/Sn2– redox reaction. Together with the efficient charge transfer and higher diffusion coefficient of polysulfide redox at the electrode/electrolyte interface, deduced from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel analyses, a PCE of 8.32% is achieved for the CuS CE. The enhanced photovoltaic performance is ascribed to the 1D CuS nanorods forming a diffusive structure which decreases charge transfer impedance and facilitates regeneration of polysulfide redox leading to a higher short-circuit current density and fill factor.
关键词： In situ deposition,quantum dot-sensitized solar cells,counter electrode,CuS,microwave-assisted synthesis
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02