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Optical absorption and dispersion properties of 2-aminoanthracene-9,10- dione thin films for photodetector applications
摘要： Recent evidence suggests that the need for employing a new characteristic with low-cost preparation tools and high performance for applications. These properties have been achieved by using a high stable 2-aminoanthracene-9,10- dione thin films (AAD), prepared by thermal evaporation technique under a vacuum of 10?5 Torr. The surface of the films was checked by SEM for studying the RMS-roughness characteristics and grain – boundary influence. Added to this study, the crystalline performance was also considered as the main requirement for identifying the main crystal parameters. Most important results were focused on TGA results for confirming the thermal stability through the chosen measurements. The investigation of the spectral dependence of the absorption of the AAD films specifies the occurrence of high probability for indirect transition as compared to the direct allowed with energy gaps of 1.55 and 2.28 eV. The dispersion energy and oscillator energy, as well as most parameters, were computed using the well-known Wimple–DiDomenico formula under consideration of the single oscillator model. The spectral dependence of the linear and nonlinear controlling parameters were studied for subscription the prospect applications in photodetectors.
关键词： Thermal evaporation,Phototransient properties,Optical absorption,Thermal stability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Formation Of PbSe – ZnO Thin Film Based Heterostructure For Solar Cell Applications
摘要： A new type of excitonic solar cell based on heterojunctions between PbSe semiconducting thin film and thin ZnO film has been fabricated. These solar cells can generate large photocurrents and higher photovoltages compared to Schottky cells assembled with similar nanocrystal films. The n-type and p-type nanomaterials such as ZnO and PbSe were synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles were coated over the ITO substrate by thermal evaporation method. The heterojunction thin films were annealed at 400 °C to form a p-n junction. Device performance was analyzed using semiconductor parameter analyzer (SPA) under the bright and dark field illumination. The conductivity was estimated from the sheet resistance value by using Four Probe Method. The material coated over the substrate and its crystallinity was identified by using thin film XRD and the nature of material coated was analyzed by Hall Effect measurement system. The thickness of the film coated over the substrate was determined by cross-section of FESEM analysis. The solar cell performance was carried out by differentiating the I-V characteristics under bright and dark field light illumination.
关键词： Thermal evaporation,Sol-gel,Device performance and Analysis,Solar cell
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Oxidized Nickel films as highly transparent HTLs for inverted planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： Inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with nickel oxide (NiO) as a hole transporting layer were fabricated in an ambient atmosphere. Nickel (Ni) film synthesized at optimized evaporation conditions using low-cost thermal evaporation were transformed from island-like structure to compact porous thin films of NiO after oxidation at 580 ℃. The formation of highly transparent NiO films without any impurity was confirmed from UV–visible spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. These optically tailored NiO films with island-like morphology conceived minimum absorption to the visible light than that of compact porous thin films. The NiO island-like films coated with single cationic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite overlayer in ambient conditions via a modified two-step method showed higher hole quenching than the compact porous NiO thin films. PSCs consisting of NiO island-like films showed 39.3% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), and 41.4% enhancement in current density (JSC) compared to the compact porous NiO thin films. Overall, the present approach of utilizing optically engineered island-like inorganic films with single cationic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite overlayer has opened up a novel approach toward the improvement in high-performance optoelectronic devices fabricated at an ambient atmosphere.
关键词： Thermal evaporation,Perovskite solar cells,Islands morphology,PL,NiO,Ambient process
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Facile growth of SnS and SnS0.40Se0.60 thin films as an absorber layer in the solar cell structure
摘要： SnS (S1) and SnS0.4Se0.6 (S2) thin films were prepared using thermal evaporation on annealing at 523 K of the thermally deposited films. Compositional analysis of the films reveals the formation of SnS and SnS0.40Se0.60 phase. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate the formation of orthorhombic structure corresponding to SnS and SnS0.40Se0.60 phase. Moreover, a decrease in the intensity of SnS0.40Se0.60 peaks as compared to those of SnS was observed. Thus, causes insertion of selenium (Se) atoms in SnS lattice and results in the modification of lattice parameters. These structural modifications leads to variations in crystallite size, lattice strain and dislocation density, thus, confirms the formation of ternary SnS0.40Se0.60 phase. The changes corresponding to optical parameters are also observed in the films in the form of lower transmission, bandgap value and absorption coefficient on Se insertion. Moreover, both the films exhibit absorption coefficient >105 cm?1 with bandgap values of 1.44 and 1.23 eV and found suitable for absorption in solar cell.
关键词： Tin,Thermal evaporation,X-ray diffraction,Solar absorbers,Bandgap,SnS1?xSex
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enhanced efficiency of CdTe Photovoltaic by thermal evaporation Vacuum
摘要： CdTe Cadmium telluride is a hopeful material for large scale photovoltaic applications . This paper we study effect annealing temperature( 200 , 400) for CdTe heterojunction solar cells with thermal evaporation technique in vacuum with rate deposition (4.32 A°/sec) and thickness ( ≈ 400 ±10 nm), solar cells were realization with conversion ef?ciencies of ( 6.4% - 10.8%) . The main focus in this work was to study the annealing temperature dependent conduct of the expansion parameter and the band gap energy of (CdTe ) thin ?lm in solar cells. Room temperature band gap for ( CdTe) is found ( Eg =1.5 to 2) eV for ef?ciency solar cells.
关键词： solar cell,CdTe,Thermal evaporation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Structural, optical, optoelectrical and photovoltaic properties of the thermally evaporated Sb2Se3 thin films
摘要： Production of inexpensive and promising light-absorbing materials is very important in photovoltaic device applications. In this study, we investigate the preparation of good-quality antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) thin films via thermal evaporation procedure with different thicknesses (241, 315, 387 and 429 nm). The analysis of the X-ray diffraction examination of the Sb2Se3 thin films demonstrates that the as-deposited Sb2Se3 thin films are polycrystalline with a single-phase orthorhombic structure. The elemental composition analysis of the evaporated Sb2Se3 thin film established that the as-deposited film has near stoichiometric composition of the compound. The linear optical results of the Sb2Se3 thin films revealed that the films show optical direct transitions and optical energy gaps in the range 1.12–1.05. The optoelectrical parameters of the Sb2Se3 thin films (ratio of the charge carrier concentrations to the effective mass N/m*, optical electronegativity ξopt and the lattice dielectric constant, εL) were estimated. The analysis of nonlinear optical parameters of the Sb2Se3 thin films reveals the increase of the film thickness combined with increase in the nonlinear refractive index. The Al/n-Si/Sb2Se3/Ag heterojunction was produced by the thermal evaporation technique. The photovoltaic constants of the Al/n-Si/Sb2Se3/Ag heterojunction were estimated from the J–V curve and demonstrate a solar efficiency of 4.03%.
关键词： Structural properties,Optoelectrical properties,Photovoltaic properties,Sb2Se3 thin films,Optical properties,Thermal evaporation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAST 2019) - Karbala City, Iraq (27–28 March 2019)] THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAST 2019) - Structure, morphology and optical properties of thermally evaporated Cu2S thin films annealed at different temperatures
摘要： In the present work the preparation of Cu2S alloy was done throughout mixing the sulphur and copper elements according to the proper atomic weight and then put in an evacuated quartz ampoule which then sealed and heated at 1273 K for five hours and left to cool. Thin films from Cu2S powder thicknesses of ~300nm were prepared by thermal evaporation technique on a glass substrate and under vacuum of 10-5 mbar with rate of deposition 25nm/sec. The prepared thin films subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures(300, 373 , 473 and 573 K)for half an hour. The structures of Cu2S powder and films have been studied by X–ray diffraction technique. The result reveals that the prepared alloy has cubic structure and coincides with slandered cards while the prepared thin films have amorphous structure. The optical measurement shows that the Cu2S films have direct and indirect energy gap energy gap (Eg opt) for allowed transition. The energy gap (Eg opt) increases slightly with the increase annealing temperature and retune to increase with further increases of annealing temperature. The energy gap (Eg opt) increases from 2.55 to 2.6 eV and then decreases. The transmittance and optical constants such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and dielectric constant (εr, εi) have been calculated. The optical constants decrease in the first and then return to increase with annealing temperature.
关键词： Cu2S thin films,optical properties,structural morphology,thermal evaporation,annealing temperature
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Single Source Thermal Evaporation of Two-dimensional Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Hybrid two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites has been widely studied due to its potential application for high performance perovskite solar cells. Understanding the relationship between microstructural and opto-electronic properties is very important for fabricating high-performance 2D perovskite solar cell. In this work, the effect of solvent annealing on grain growth was investigated to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic devices with 2D perovskite films based on (BA)2(MA)3pb4i13 prepared by single-source thermal evaporation. Results show that solvent annealing with the introduction of solvent vapor can effectively enhance the crystallization of the (BA)2(MA)3pb4i13 thin films and produce denser, larger-crystal grains. The thin films also display a favorable band gap of 1.896 eV, which benefits for increasing the charge-diffusion lengths. The solvent-annealed (BA)2(MA)3pb4i13 thin-film solar cell prepared by single-source thermal evaporation shows an efficiency range of 2.54–4.67%. Thus, the proposed method can be used to prepare efficient large-area 2D perovskite solar cells.
关键词： solvent annealing,thermal evaporation,two-dimensional perovskite,photovoltaic applications,grain growth
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Universal defects elimination for high performance thermally evaporated CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells
摘要： Inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite has emerged as a promising material for fabricating highly stable perovskite solar cell devices. However, during the formation of thermally evaporated CsPbBr3 film, an all-solid reaction between CsBr and PbBr2 leads to non-uniform interfaces and high defect density in the perovskite film. In this work, we utilize a two-step sintering (TSS) method which successfully modifies the morphologies of thermally evaporated CsPbBr3 films and the power conversion efficiency of a champion CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cell achieves 9.35%. Steady-state photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence and space-charge-limited-current results prove that the TSS process can effectively reduce defect densities also. Besides these improvements, the TSS device maintains 94% of initial efficiency after being heated at 100°C without encapsulation for over 40 days under ambient lab condition. In comparison, the untreated device reduces about 15%. Transmission electron microscope results further prove the reduction of line defects in CsPbBr3 crystals after TSS treatment.
关键词： Two-step sintering,Defects elimination,Thermal evaporation method,All-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Electrical Properties of Indium-Oxide Thin Films Produced by Plasma-Enhanced Reactive Thermal Evaporation
摘要： The structure and electrical properties of transparent indium-oxide thin films produced by plasma-enhanced reactive thermal evaporation at different substrate temperatures are studied. It is found that the films have a grained structure. An increase in the substrate temperature yields a considerable increase in the conductivity of the films and a decrease in the photoconductivity-relaxation time. An interpretation of the effect of the substrate temperature on the observed changes in the electrical and photoelectric properties of the indium-oxide films under study is proposed.
关键词： indium-oxide thin films,electrical properties,substrate temperature,photoconductivity,plasma-enhanced reactive thermal evaporation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04