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Bio-safety assessment of carbon quantum dots, N-doped and folic acid modified carbon quantum dots: A systemic comparison
摘要： The carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and their functionalized materials are promising in biomedical field because of their unique properties; meanwhile, a growing concern has been raised about the potential toxicity of these modified materials in biosystem. In this study, we synthesized original CQDs and two common functionalized CQDs including N-doped CQDs (NCQDs) and folic acid-modified CQDs (FA-CQDs), and compared the toxicity and biocompatibility with each other in vitro and in vivo. L929, C6 and normal cell MDCK were selected to detect the adverse reaction of these materials in vitro. No acute toxicity or obvious changes were noted from in vitro cytotoxicity studies with the dose of these CQD materials increasing to a high concentration at 1 mg/mL. Among these materials, the FA-CQDs show a much lower toxicity. Moreover, in vivo toxicity studies were performed on the nude mice for 15 days. The experimental animals in 10 or 15 mg/kg groups were similar with animals treated by phosphate buffer solution (PBS) after 15 days. The results of the multifarious biochemical parameters also suggest that the functionalized products of CQDs do not influence the biological indicators at feasible concentration. Our findings in vitro and in vivo through toxicity tests demonstrate that CQDs and their modified materials are safe for future biological applications.
关键词： Biodistribution,Functional materials,Biocompatibility,Fluorescence bioimaging,Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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High Intensity Laser Induced Reverse Transfer: Solution for Enhancement of Biocompatibility of Transparent Biomaterials
摘要： Bioactive glass is used extensively in biomedical applications due to its quality and effectiveness in tissue regeneration. Bioactive glasses are able to interact with biological systems and can be used in humans to improve tissue regeneration without any side effects. Bioactive glass is a category of glasses that maintain good contact with body organs and remain biocompatible for a long time after implementation. They have the potential to form a hydroxyapatite surface as a biocompatible layer after immersion in body fluid. In this research, glass biocompatibility was modified using a deposition method called the high intensity laser induced reverse transfer (HILIRT) method and they were utilized as enhanced-biocompatibility bioactive glass (EBBG) with a correspondent nanofibrous titanium (NFTi) coating. HILIRT is a simple ultrafast laser method for improving implants for biomedical applications and provides a good thin film of NFTi on the glass substrate that is compatible with human tissue. The proposed method is a non-chemical method in which NFTi samples with different porosities and biocompatibilities are synthesized at various laser parameters such as power and frequency. Physical properties and cell compatibility and adhesion of these NFTi before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) were compared. The results indicate that increasing laser intensity and frequency leads to more NFTi fabrication on the glass with no toxicity and better cell interaction and adhesion.
关键词： biocompatibility,laser nanofabrication,nano fibrous biomaterials,transparent materials
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Biocompatibility of micro/nanostructures nitinol surface via nanosecond laser circularly scanning
摘要： We present three novel scanning patterns on nitinol by nanosecond laser for controllable fabricating biocompatible micro/nanostructures. The surface morphology and formation mechanism of micro/nanostructures were respectively observed and analyzed. The production of surface oxide film provides a biocompatible cell living environment. Also, micro/nanostructures greatly promote cell adherence and growth. It is worth noting that ns laser circularly scanning can effortlessly produce various micro/nanostructures and endue biologically inert nitinol implants with enhanced osseointegration and bioactivity.
关键词： Microstructure,Nitinol,Laser processing,Surfaces,Biocompatibility
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Nitrogen donor ligand for capping ZnS quantum dots: a quantum chemical and toxicological insight
摘要： Nanoparticles having strong optical and electronic properties are the most widely used materials in sensor development. Since the target analyte interacts directly with the surface of the material, the choice of ligand for functionalizing the surface of the material is the key for its further applications. The functionalized surface of the material makes it suitable for required applications as it controls the size of the particle during its growth from the solution phase. Biomolecule capped nanomaterials are favourable for various applications in bio-sensing. In the present work, an attempt has been made to explore the biologically active molecule imidazole as capping agent for ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles or quantum dots (QDs). This work explores the possibility of replacing conventional thiol-zinc bonding and hence paves new pathways for biomolecules having the possibility of being efficient capping agents. Computational chemistry has been used to study the mechanism of bonding between one of the nitrogen atoms of imidazole and the zinc ion of the ZnS QDs. The quantum chemical insight not only explores the most spontaneous interaction of zinc ion and imidazole molecule so as to act as an efficient capping agent but also explains the probable bonding site for nitrogen–zinc chemistry. The tailormade Mn doped ZnS QDs are one of the most promising materials for probe and sensor development. The ZnS core having non-toxicity and the emission in longer wavelength due to manganese makes this material highly useful biologically. The aqueous route of synthesis has been employed to obtain a highly homogeneous and pure material which was further characterized by UV (Ultra Violet spectroscopy), Spectrofluorometer, Transmission Electron Microscope and X-ray Diffraction. The toxicity at the cellular and genetic levels was also investigated to prove the potential of the imidazole capped Mn doped ZnS QD as a biocompatible material.
关键词： quantum chemical,Nitrogen donor ligand,biocompatibility,capping agent,toxicological insight,ZnS quantum dots,Mn doped ZnS QDs,aqueous synthesis,imidazole
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Carbon dots as a dual sensor for the selective determination of d-penicillamine and biological applications
摘要： Dual mode Nanosensors gained tremendous interest in recent years because of their facile synthesis and dual applications. Herein we have synthesized highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) from Mahogany fruit shell by chemical oxidation method. The as prepared CDs exhibited selective and sensitive quenching of fluorescence by Fe3+ and also accompanied by a dramatic increase in absorption intensity. Hence these two processes led to fabricate CDs-Fe3+ system as a dual probe. D-Penicillamine (D-PA) has much affinity toward Fe3+ which resulted in recovery of almost 75% fluorescence intensity and decrease in absorption of the CDs-Fe3+ system. Thus, this tendency has been exploited for the selective detection of D-PA by both Spectrofluorimetrically and UV-Visible spectroscopically and showed a wide linear range of detection 0-48 μg mL?1 respectively. This developed probe offered low cost, high selectivity, repeatability, facile operation and excellent recovery ratio in detection of D-PA in pharmaceutical samples. Moreover, biological applications CDs were investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with confocal microscopy. We found that CDs were a biocompatible and ideal candidate for differential staining of yeast cells.
关键词： D-penicillamine detection,Cell imaging,Carbon dots (CDs),Dual sensor,Biocompatibility,UV-Visible and spectrofluorimetrically
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Biological interactions of biocompatible and water-dispersed MoS2 nanosheets with bacteria and human cells
摘要： Two dimensional materials beyond graphene such as MoS2 and WS2 are novel and interesting class of materials whose unique physico-chemical properties can be exploited in applications ranging from leading edge nanoelectronics to the frontiers between biomedicine and biotechnology. To unravel the potential of TMD crystals in biomedicine, control over their production through green and scalable routes in biocompatible solvents is critically important. Furthermore, considering multiple applications of eco-friendly 2D dispersions and their potential impact onto live matter, their toxicity and antimicrobial activity still remain an open issue. Herein, we focus on the current demands of 2D TMDs and produce high-quality, few-layered and defect-free MoS2 nanosheets, exfoliated and dispersed in pure water, stabilized up to three weeks. Hence, we studied the impact of this material on human cells by investigating its interactions with three cell lines: two tumoral, MCF7 (breast cancer) and U937 (leukemia), and one normal, HaCaT (epithelium). We observed novel and intriguing results, exhibiting evident cytotoxic effect induced in the tumor cell lines, absent in the normal cells in the tested conditions. The antibacterial action of MoS2 nanosheets is then investigated against a very dangerous gram negative bacterium, such as two types of Salmonellas: ATCC 14028 and wild-type Salmonella typhimurium. Additionally, concentration and layer-dependent modulation of cytotoxic effect is found both on human cells and Salmonellas.
关键词： antibacterial activity,biocompatibility,MoS2 nanosheets,two-dimensional materials,cytotoxicity
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Vapreotide-Mediated Hierarchical Mineralized Au/Ag nanoshells for Photothermal Anti-Tumor Therapy
摘要： A new type of vapreotide-template Ag/Au bimetallic nanoshells (Vap@Ag/AuNSs) were successfully designed and fabricated based on polypeptide-directed mineralization and hierarchical self-assembly mechanisms under mild synthetic conditions. The nanoparticles with polypeptides serving as a core and coating Ag/Au bimetallic nanoshells exhibit diverse advantages such as excellent biocompatibility, tumor targeting and low-cost. The Vap@Ag/AuNSs share excellent dispersibility, uniform size (120 nm) and a positive zeta potential (36.74±4.49 mV), hence they easily accumulate in negatively charged tumor tissue. The results of thermal imaging, temperature variation assay and photothermal conversion efficiency (41.6%) indicated that Vap@Ag/AuNSs have excellent photothermal conversion capability. Based on their photothermal response as well as biocompatibility determined by MTT assay, the prominent anti-tumor effects of Vap@Ag/AuNSs have been verified by fluorescein diacetate staining. Therefore, Vap@Ag/AuNSs are novel and promising candidates for photothermal tumor therapy.
关键词： Vapreotide-templated Au/Ag nanoshells,Biocompatibility,Photothermal therapy,Galvanic replacement,Anti-Tumor Therapy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Low-modulus biomedical Ti–30Nb–5Ta–3Zr additively manufactured by Selective Laser Melting and its biocompatibility
摘要： Low Young’s modulus Titanium alloys, such as Ti-30Nb-5Ta-3Zr (TNTZ) of this study, were promising biocompatible implant materials. In this work, TNTZ samples with relative density of 96.8%-99.2% were additively manufactured by powder-bed based Selective Laser Melting (SLM) through tuning processing parameters, i.e. varying the point distance between 50 and 75 μm, laser exposure time between 135 and 200 μs, and a fixed laser power of 200 W. The microstructure, elastic properties, fatigue properties and machining accuracy of the fabricated samples have been investigated. Lattice structure TNTZ samples with porosity of 77.23% was also fabricated to further reduce the Young’s modulus of the TNTZ. According to the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) value, the as-printed TNTZ samples exhibit no cell cytotoxicity, where they show even better biocompatibility than the comparative, as-printed Ti-6Al-4V samples. The as-printed TNTZ developed by the study demonstrates good biocompatibility, low stress shielding tendency and high mechanical properties.
关键词： TNTZ,Biocompatibility,Mechanical properties,Selective Laser Melting,Microstructure
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Functional Protein-Assisted Fabrication of Fe-Gallic Acid Coordination Polymer Nanonetworks for Localized Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Fe-polyphenols coordination polymers have emerged as a versatile theranostic nanoplatform for biological applications owing to the appealing biocompatibility of precursors from nature. Incorporating bioactive molecules with Fe-polyphenols coordination polymers is greatly significant to take full advantages of their superiorities for advanced application. Herein, we show functional protein-assisted fabrication of Fe-gallic acid (GA) nanonetworks via a mild and facile biomineralization for photothermal therapy. Mild alkaline condition is crucial to obtain protein-Fe-GA nanonetworks with intense near-infrared absorption and their unique network structure allows reducing the leakage to the surrounding normal tissues, benefiting high photothermal therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects. The proposed bovine serum albumin-Fe-GA nanonetworks are successfully used to eradicate tumor in vivo. In addition, this universal method can be extended to synthesize other protein-involved nanonetworks, such as human serum albumin-Fe-GA and ovalbumin-Fe-GA. More importantly, the intrinsic bioactivity of protein can be retained in the nanonetworks, and the ovalbumin-Fe-GA nanonetworks enable inducing the maturation of immune cells, showing the successful fusion of immune activity of ovalbumin into the nanonetworks. The proposed biomineralization strategy shows a bright prospect in incorporating various functional proteins, such as enzymes and antibodies, to form protein-Fe-GA nanonetworks with good biocompatibility, favorable photothermal effect and specific biological function.
关键词： immune activation,coordination polymer,biocompatibility,photothermal therapy,biomineralization,polyphenols
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Black phosphorus: A novel nanoplatform with potential in the field of bio-photonic nanomedicine
摘要： Single- or few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) has attracted great attentions in scientific community with its excellent properties, including biodegradability, unique puckered lattice configuration, attractive electrical properties and direct and tunable band gap. In recent years, FLBP has been widely studied in bio-photonic fields such as photothermal and photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, bioimaging and biosensor, showing attractive clinical potential. Because of the marked advantages of FLBP nanomaterials in bio-photonic fields, this review article reviews the latest advances of biomaterials based on FLBP in biomedical applications, ranging from biocompatibility, medical diagnosis to treatment.
关键词： photothermal and photodynamic therapies,biocompatibility,biosensing,drug delivery,Black phosphorus
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46