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Synthesis of water-soluble conjugated polymer, poly(N-3-sulfopropylaniline) and the study of its glucose sensing property
摘要： A water-soluble conjugated polymer, poly(N-3-sulfopropylaniline) (PSPA) with 7–10 controlled repeating units has been synthesized through oxidative polymerization of sulfopropylaniline (SPA) monomer, which is prepared by N-alkylation of aniline using 3-propane sultone. The glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability, molecular weight and size distribution of the synthesized polymer were investigated by DSC, TGA and MALDI TOFF respectively. The spectral (UV-Vis, PL, NMR, FTIR) analysis has been done to develop a facile colorimetric method to sense glucose (a biomarker of diabetes). The synthesized polymers could detect glucose up to nanomolar (10?9 M), which are 106 fold less than the level of a diabetic patient (4 × 10?3-9 × 10?3 M). It is also observed that the naked eye can sense up to decimolar (10?1 M) level. The polymerization process and the chemistry of colorimetric sensing are explained through spectral and cyclic voltammetry analysis. The polymerization and the sensing of glucose occurred through the electron transfer dependent color change processes.
关键词： Polymerization,Glucose sensing,Spectroscopy,Thermal analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Performance enhancement of ZnO nanorod-based enzymatic glucose sensor via reduced graphene oxide deposition and UV irradiation
摘要： This paper reports the performance enhancement of a ZnO nanorod-based enzymatic glucose sensor with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) introduced between the ZnO nanorods and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and then stimulated under UV irradiation. The electrochemical characterization indicates that the rGO not only facilitates electron transfer through the ZnO nanorods to the ITO electrode but also inhibits the fast recombination of the photo-generated electrons and holes. The UV irradiation stimulates holes in the valence band of the ZnO nanorods, which as oxidants enhance the catalytic activity of the glucose oxidase (GOx) towards glucose. The rGO increases the sensitivity of the ZnO nanorod-based glucose sensor by 1.6 times and decreases the detection limit by 2.3 times. Together with the rGO, the UV irradiation further increases the sensitivity by 1.7 times and diminishes the detection limit by 2 times. Moreover, the as-prepared glucose sensors exhibit excellent selectivity to urea, uric acid, and ascorbic acid, and can reliably determine the glucose concentration in a serum sample. The results have the potential to improve the performance of other enzymatic biosensors.
关键词： Glucose sensor,ZnO nanorod,UV irradiation,Graphene,Electrochemical test
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Sol-gel assisted spin coated CdS/PS electrode based glucose biosensor
摘要： Excellent economic prospects and fascinating potential for basic research have led to many sensor designs and detection principles for biosensing of glucose. A novel electrochemical biosensor incorporating Cadmium Sulphide/Porous Silicon (CdS/PS) electrode to enhance electrochemical reaction has been investigated. CdS/PS electrode was fabricated and its electrochemical properties were studied by Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Chronoamperometry. The result indicated that the CdS/PS electrode material has good electrochemical properties. The optimized sensor exhibits unique sensing performance towards glucose detection. The versatility of the sensor is shown by the detection limit down to 610 μM with a quick response time of 10 s and a good linear range from 10 to 100 mM. The results showed that the fabricated electrode was sensitive and stable in detecting glucose, indicating that CdS/PS electrode was a good candidate material for the design of glucose biosensor.
关键词： electrochemical studies,CdS/PS electrode,glucose biosensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Quantification of Glucose via in situ Growth of Cu2O/Ag Nanoparticles
摘要： The monitoring of glucose levels in blood is extremely important for the effective control of diabetes. Nanomaterial-based approaches for the quantification of glucose typically require two steps: material preparation and the actual glucose measurement. Herein, we report a single-step method that combines these functions via the in situ growth of Cu2O/Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Mechanistically, we use glucose itself to reduce Cu2+ and Ag+ ions that are stabilized with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under alkaline conditions to form Cu2O/Ag NPs and produce a color change in solution due to plasmonic resonance at 400 nm, which can be related back to the concentration of glucose. We study several factors in this reaction, including the molar ratios of the metal ions and 3-MPA, the reaction time, and the temperature to control the synthesis of the Cu2O/Ag NPs and thus their sensitivity toward glucose. Introducing BSA into the system is a key factor for the quantification of glucose in blood without pretreatment, improving the probe’s limit of detection and reducing the sample volumes to 1 μL. This colorimetric assay based on Cu2O/Ag NPs exhibits excellent sensitivity and specificity toward glucose, and a linear relationship with glucose concentrations ranging from 15 to 300 μM and a limit of detection of 9.2 μM. As proof of concept, we demonstrated that the Cu2O/Ag NP probes could successfully detect glucose in two representative blood samples by neglecting interferences from various common species, demonstrating the potential of this technique in point-of-care analysis.
关键词： plasmonic resonance,3-mercaptopropionic acid,bovine serum albumin,silver nanoparticles,glucose quantification,Cu2O
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Power spectral density-based nearinfrared sub-band detection for noninvasive blood glucose prediction in both <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> studies
摘要： Diabetes is a widespread and serious disease and noninvasive measurement has been in high demand. To address this problem, a power spectral density-based method was offered for determining glucose sensitive sub-bands in the nearinfrared (NIR) spectrum. The experiments were conducted using phantoms of different optical properties in-vitro conditions. The optical bands 1200–1300 nm and 2100–2200 nm were found feasible for measuring blood glucose. After that, a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based low cost and portable optical system was designed. It has six different NIR wavelength LEDs for illumination and an InGaAs photodiode for detection. Optical density values were calculated through the system and used as independent variables for multiple linear regression analysis. The results of blood glucose levels for 24 known healthy subjects showed that the optical system prediction was nearly 80% in the A zone and 20% in the B zone according to the Clarke Error Grid analysis. It was shown that a promising easy-use, continuous, and compact optical system had been designed.
关键词： Noninvasive,led,blood glucose,power density.,nearinfrared,photoplethysmography
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The assessment of autofluorescence of the crystalline lens in diabetic patients and healthy controls: can it be used as a screening test?
摘要： Background: Our purpose was to demonstrate if measuring lens autofluorescence (AF) with a scanning confocal biomicroscope may be used to identify subjects with undiagnosed type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and hence, for it to be used as a marker for the severity of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients. Patients and methods: In this cross-sectional, comparative study, lens AF was measured with scanning confocal lens fluorescence biomicroscope in diabetic and healthy groups. Full ophthalmological examination was performed. Blood tests of fasting plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were also analyzed. The correlation between lens AF results and blood tests was evaluated in both groups. The cutoff value for the diagnosis of DM using lens AF was investigated. Results: The study included 191 subjects with a mean age of 52.09±6.75 years. One hundred and seven (56.0%) subjects were female, and 84 (44.0%) were male. Eighty-two (42.9%) patients had type II DM, and 109 (57.1%) subjects self-reported as normal. The fluorescence ratio (FR) values ranged from 0.09 to 0.46 (0.23±0.06) in the total group. Mean FR measurements of diabetic subjects were significantly higher (0.27±0.06) than those without DM (0.20±0.05), ( p=0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and FR. The cutoff point for the FR according to the presence of DM was found to be 0.24 and above ( p=0.001), with a sensitivity of 71.95% and a specificity of 80.73%. Conclusion: Measuring AF of human lens as an indirect evidence of increased advanced glycation end products may helpful in detecting impaired glucose metabolism. Our results show highly significant correlation between possibility of DM and FR.
关键词： fasting plasma glucose,diabetic retinopathy,screening,HgA1c,lens autofluorescence,diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Simple Route in Fabricating Carbon-Modified Titania Films with Glucose and Their Visible-Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Activity
摘要： Carbon-modi?ed titania (C–TiO2) ?lms were easily prepared by using an impregnation process with a glucose-containing TiO2 sol. Through controlling calcination conditions, the as-obtained C–TiO2 products exhibited highly photocatalytic activity for the degradation of gaseous NOx under visible light and ultraviolet illumination. The effects of carbon content and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performances and their photochemical and physical properties were investigated. Carbonaceous species on the TiO2 surface enhanced the visible-light absorption of TiO2 ?lms; however, an excessive amount of carbon on the TiO2 surface reduced its photocatalytic ability due to the serious coverage effect on active sites. The results show that a suitable glucose addition is about 50–100% of the weight of TiO2 content and the optimized calcination temperature is 300 ?C, which leads to better photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet and visible- light irradiations. Accordingly, the simple-prepared C–TiO2 ?lms functioned as visible-light-responsive catalysts, allowing for a feasible producing route for real applications.
关键词： glucose,titania ?lm,impregnation,carbon-modi?ed,visible-light-responsive
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Left-Handed Metamaterial-Inspired Unit Cell for S-Band Glucose Sensing Application
摘要： This paper presents an oval-shaped sensor design for the measurement of glucose concentration in aqueous solution. This unit cell sensing device is inspired by metamaterial properties and is analytically described for better parametric study. The mechanism of the sensor is a sensing layer with varying permittivity placed between two nozzle-shaped microstrip lines. Glucose aqueous solutions were characterized considering the water dielectric constant, from 55 to 87, and were identified with a transmission coefficient at 3.914 GHz optimal frequency with double negative (DNG) metamaterial properties. Consequently, the sensitivity of the sensor was estimated at 0.037 GHz/(30 mg/dL) glucose solution. The design and analysis of this sensor was performed using the finite integration technique (FIT)-based Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio simulation software. Additionally, parametric analysis of the sensing characteristics was conducted using experimental verification for the justification. The performance of the proposed sensor demonstrates the potential application scope for glucose level identification in aqueous solutions regarding qualitative analysis.
关键词： sensors,metamaterial,glucose,diabetes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Functionalization of Bulk SiO2 Surface with Biomolecules for Sensing Applications: Structural and Functional Characterizations
摘要： Biomolecule immobilization on bulk silicon dioxide (SiO2) is an important aspect in the field of Si-based interfaces for biosensing. The approach used for surface preparation should guarantee not only the stable anchoring of biomolecules but also their structural integrity and biological functioning. In this paper, we review our findings on the SiO2 functionalization process to immobilize a variety of biomolecules, including glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxide, metallothionein, and DNA molecules. Morphological and chemical characterization of SiO2 surfaces after biomolecule immobilization using techniques already employed in the microelectronic industry are presented and discussed. Optical and spectrophotometric analysis revealed the preservation of biomolecules’ activity once they are anchored on the biointerface.
关键词： ssDNA,silicon,biointerface,metallothionein,TEM,horseradish peroxide,XPS,glucose oxidase
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Proposal of Millimeter-Wave Adaptive Glucose-Concentration Estimation System Using Complex-Valued Neural Networks
摘要： This paper presents a novel approach for glucose concentration detection using a complex-valued neural network (CVNN) based on microwave transmission characteristics. The method leverages the dielectric properties of glucose solutions, which vary with concentration, to train a neural network that accurately predicts glucose levels from S-parameter measurements. Experimental results demonstrate high accuracy and robustness across a range of concentrations from 0 to 300 mg/dL.
关键词： complex-valued neural network,dielectric properties,glucose detection,S-parameters,microwave sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29