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Fabrication and Characterization of Ni-Doped ZnO Nanorod Arrays for UV Photodetector Application
摘要： In this work, the structure morphologies, lattices, and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) with various amounts of nickel (Ni) dopants were investigated and explored. The 100 nm ZnO seed layer was grown on the Corning glass substrate by the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique, and the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used to grow NR arrays. It was found that the Ni concentration of the sample is 1.06 at% by EDX spectra examination. All the NRs exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure and preferentially grew along the c-axis on the substrate. Additionally, the ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) with Ni-doped ZnO (NZO) NRs based on metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure were fabricated through a photolithography process. Then, such a sample was annealed at 500 °C to obtain good performance and reduced oxygen vacancy (～560 nm). The results showed that the NZO NRs were with an excellent photosensitivity for UV PD applications and a faster rise/decay time than pure ZnO. Furthermore, with a 3 V applied bias and 380 nm UV illumination, the sensitivities of the fabricated ZnO PDs with different Ni contents (0, 4, and 8 mM) were 71.45, 393.04, and 238.75, respectively.
关键词： nanorod arrays,photolithography process,chemical bath deposition,UV photodetector,Ni-doped ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Resonant modal analysis and dual-mode tailoring in high refractive index contrast two-dimensional nanorod arrays
摘要： Resonant modal analysis and dual-mode tailoring in high refractive index contrast two-dimensional (2-D) nanorod arrays are proposed. The specific modes of the guided mode resonances (GMRs) excited by the 2-D nanorod arrays can be distinguished based on the equivalent medium theory (EMT) and the analysis of the electric/magnetic fields. The broadband reflection and enhanced transmission can be obtained by the tailoring between the resonant dual-mode of the 2-D nanorod arrays. It is shown that the 2-D nanorod arrays can support the excitation of the resonant dual-mode with low-quality factor (low-Q) TM0 and high quality factor (high-Q) TE0 modes on a reflection broadband. The coupling of the edges of the resonant dual-mode can be tailored to create the resonant transmission with polarization independence near 1.31 μm. By merely changing the angle of incidence, one can achieve triple transmission channels due to the interaction of the nondegenerate resonant dual-modes.
关键词： Dual-mode tailoring,Modal analysis,Two-dimensional nanorod arrays,Guided mode resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhanced hydrogen sensing properties of Pd-coated SnO2 nanorod arrays in nitrogen and transformer oil
摘要： We report enhanced sensing properties of Pd-coated SnO2 nanorod (NR) arrays for detecting H2 gas in N2 and dissolved in transformer oil. The Pd nanoparticles were coated on randomly ordered vertical SnO2 NR arrays by the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method, which utilizes an electron-beam evaporator and a DC magnetron sputtering system. The Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays exhibited high response (104 at 1% H2) in N2. Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays were immersed and in mineral oil that contains various concentrations of dissolved H2 and the electrical response was measured. We found that the Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays showed superior response (R = ?96), low detection limit (0.3 ppm), and fast response times (300 s). The Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays had a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 3.69 × 10-3 °C-1 at various oil temperatures (20–80 °C), indicating good thermal stability at high temperatures. The sensing mechanism of the Pd-coated SnO2 NR arrays was also demonstrated by using changes in the Schottky barrier height at the Pd/SnO2 interface upon exposure to H2.
关键词： Pd,SnO2,Transformer oil,Nanorod arrays,Hydrogen sensing
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Efficient Nanorod Arrays Perovskite Solar Cells: A Suitable Structure for High Strontium-Substitution in a Nature Environment
摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research hotspot because of their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE), but the presence of toxic lead (Pb) in perovskite film has significantly limited their commercial application. In this study, using a TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNRAs) as the electron transport layer (ETL), strontium chloride (SrCl2) was chosen to fabricate lead-less PSCs in air environment (relative humidity, RH=50%) by a simple two-step spin-coating method. The influence of introduced strontium (Sr) on the perovskite films and cell properties was systematically investigated by various characterization methods. With increasing Sr substitution amount from 0 to 15 mol%, the formed perovskite films with a compact structure and a large crystalline size essentially remained invariable, while residual PbI2 was reduced, which is beneficial for the cell performance. The optimal PCE of 16.08% (average PCE = 15.37%) was obtained for the 5 mol% Sr-substituted PSCs because of the enhanced charge extraction from the perovskite film to the TNRAs and the suppressed charge recombination in the PSC. Both the humidity and thermal stability of the Sr-substituted PSCs were improved. More importantly, the 15 mol% Sr-substituted PSCs still exhibited a PCE of 15.09% in air (RH = 50%), maintaining 99% of the cell efficiency of the pristine (0 mol% Sr) PSC (15.27%), suggesting that the TNRAs structure is suitable for synthesis of high Sr-substituted lead-less PSCs.
关键词： Lead-less perovskite solar cells,TiO2 nanorod arrays,Defect density,Strontium substitution,Recombination
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A solid-state integrated photo-supercapacitor based on ZnO nanorod arrays decorated with Ag <sub/>2</sub> S quantum dots as the photoanode and a PEDOT charge storage counter-electrode
摘要： A planar solid-state photocapacitor with two electrodes has been prepared for the first time using a passivated film of ZnS with Ag2S quantum dots deposited on ZnO nanorods, which were electrochemically grown on ZnO seed layers, as the photoanode. The supercapacitor part is composed of a electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) PEDOT film as the counter-electrode and an ionic liquid-based electrolyte between them deposited by the dip coating method. The different nanostructures and electrodes were morphologically and structurally characterized, and the device was electrochemically characterized and could reach a potential of 0.33 V during photocharge and a storage efficiency of 6.83%.
关键词： solid-state,ZnO nanorod arrays,electrochemical characterization,PEDOT,photo-supercapacitor,Ag2S quantum dots
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Sol–gel approach for the growth of vertically aligned 3D-TiO2 nanorod arrays as an efficient photoanode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： In this study, a facile, low cost, and scalable sol–gel method has been proposed for the coating of ultra-thin layer of TiO2 on FTO substrate as a seed layer for the growth of 3D-TiO2 nanorod (3D-TiO2-NR) arrays on FTO. Then, the two-step hydrothermal process including nanorod growth and the chemical etching treatment was proceeded for the fabrication of FTO/3D-TiO2-NR photoanodes. The thickness of the deposited TiO2 in FTO/TiO2-sg samples was measured with small-angle X-ray scattering technique, and it was obtained to be 21.3 nm. FE-SEM and TEM techniques were used for the morphological characterization of 3D-TiO2-NR, and it was obtained that the tightly adhered film of vertically aligned 3D-TiO2-NR with two-layer nanostructuring is formed with a cubic base and a nanorods head. Finally, DSSCs with iodine-based and cobalt(II/III) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complex-based electrolytes with two different photoanodes including 3D-TiO2-NR and TiO2-NP were assembled and their photovoltaic characteristics were investigated. For [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ shuttle-based DSSC, the obtained power conversion efficiency (η) was about 3.5% with Jsc of 9.36 mA cm?2 in 3D-TiO2-NR-based DSSC, while η of TiO2-NP-based DSSC was about 1.4%. The results showed that employing 3D-TiO2-NR-based photoanode in DSSCs with bulky electron shuttles remarkably improves the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies also showed the lower charge transfer resistances for DSSCs with nanorod-based photoanode building blocks.
关键词： Adhesion,Electron shuttle,TiO2 nanorod arrays,DSSC,Cobalt(II/III) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes,Sol–gel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enhanced PEC performance of hematite photoanode coupled with bimetallic oxyhydroxide NiFeOOH through a simple electroless method
摘要： The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one important bottleneck in the development of economical photoelectrodes. Herein, we firstly prepared bimetallic oxyhydroxide NiFeOOH layer on Fe2O3 photoanode through a simple electroless ligand-regulated oxidation method in order to build highly-matched semiconductor/cocatalyst interface. Benefited from the accelerated OER kinetics and low overpotential of bimetallic oxyhydroxide NiFeOOH, the resultant Fe2O3/NiFeOOH core-shell with strongly-bound heterojunction interface possesses better visible light absorption, enhanced photocurrent density (1.83 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE) and good stability than bare Fe2O3 and semi-FeOOH and NiOOH decorated Fe2O3 photoanodes. We believe this work provides a new pathway for designing high-quality contact interface of various photoelectrode/catalyst.
关键词： electroless ligand-regulated oxidation,photoelectrochemical water splitting,Fe2O3,core-shell nanorod arrays,NiFeOOH
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Rapid Biofilm Elimination on Bone Implants Using Near‐Infrared‐Activated Inorganic Semiconductor Heterostructures
摘要： Bacterial infections often cause orthopedic surgery failures. It is hard for the immune system and antibiotics to clear bacteria adhered to implants after they form a mature biofilm, and a secondary surgery is required to remove the infected implants. To avoid this, a hybrid coating of Bi2S3@Ag3PO4/Ti is prepared to eliminate biofilm using near-infrared (NIR) light. Bi2S3 nanorod (NR) arrays are prepared on titanium (Ti) implants through hydrothermal methods, and Ag3PO4 nanoparticles (NPs) are loaded on Bi2S3 NR arrays using a stepwise electrostatic adsorption strategy. The introduction of Ag3PO4 NPs enhances the photocatalysis performances of Bi2S3, and the hybrid coating also exhibits good photothermal effects. After 808 nm light irradiation for 15 min, it shows superior bactericidal efficiency of 99.45% against Staphylococcus aureus, 99.74% against Escherichia coli in vitro, and 94.54% against S. aureus biofilm in vivo. Bi2S3@Ag3PO4/Ti also shows good cell viability compared to pure Ti. This NIR-activated-inorganic hybrid semiconductor heterojunction coating is biocompatible and could be employed to eliminate biofilm effectively, which makes it a very promising strategy for the surface modification of bone implant materials.
关键词： Bi2S3@Ag3PO4 nanorod arrays,biofilm elimination,bone implants,near-infrared photocatalysts,heterostructures
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Particulate Oxynitride Photoanodes Assembled with Transparent Electron-Collecting Oxide Nanorod Arrays
摘要： The collection of photogenerated electrons is commonly a bottleneck in photoelectrochemical water oxidation on a particulate photoanode. Herein, a new strategy called “array insertion” for particulate photoanode preparation is proposed to improve electron collection. ZnO nanorod arrays are inserted between LaTiO2N particles and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) substrates via epitaxial electrodeposition, which make electronic connections. Using this methodology, charge separation efficiency is improved drastically, and the photocurrent at 1.23 VRHE is enhanced by more than 1 order of magnitude, because the obstacle of electron collection in the particulate LaTiO2N photoanodes is overcome.
关键词： photoelectrochemical water oxidation,particulate photoanode,ZnO nanorod arrays,LaTiO2N,electron collection
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Ag-Ag2S quantum-dots modified TiO2 nanorod arrays with enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties
摘要： In this paper, highly ordered titanium dioxide nanorod (TNR) arrays decorated with Ag-Ag2S quantum-dots (QDs) were synthesized on FTO substrate through hydrothermal treatment and in-situ vulcanization. The content of Ag2S QDs on Ag/TNR was controlled by changing the immersion time of Ag/TNR in the N-N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution containing dissolved sulfur element. The morphology, structure, composition and optical, photoelectric and photocatalytic properties of QDs/TNR arrays were studied in detail. In the visible range, the QDs/TNR array with a soaking time of 12 h exhibits the maximal photocurrent density (0.082 mA/cm2) and photodegradation rate (62.2%), which is 5.5 and 1.85 times higher than that of pure TNR. The improvement of these properties could be attributed to synergy effect between Ag and Ag2S materials. That is, Ag QDs can stably capture and transmit photo-generated electrons from the TNR surface, whereas the Ag2S promoter is regarded as the interface active sites to enhance photocatalytic reactions. Therefore, the synergistic effect of Ag-Ag2S can significantly enhance the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic propertise of the TNR arrays.
关键词： Ag-Ag2S quantum-dots,photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties,synergistic effect,TiO2 nanorod arrays
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36