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Effect of plasma treatment on adhesion strength and moisture absorption characteristics between epoxy molding compound/silicon chip (EMC/chip) interface
摘要： Reliability of interface between two dissimilar materials becomes an important issue due to increasing demands of high-density integrated circuits. Most of failures of semiconductor package occur at the interface between two dissimilar materials in high temperature reflow process, thus, adhesion strength under high temperature should be investigated. In this study, an adhesion shear test jig was newly devised to measure the adhesion strength of epoxy molding compound/Si chip (EMC/chip) interface at high temperature (200 °C). In order to investigate the effect of plasma treatment on adhesion strength and moisture absorption characteristics, the number of plasma treatments was varied. Also, moisture absorption time was varied to observe the moisture uptake and degradation of adhesion strength with respect to plasma treatment number. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was analyzed to verify the surface roughness of silicon chip, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe cross-sectional fractured morphology after adhesion strength test. From this study, it was found that the plasma treatments affect much the adhesion strength and moisture uptake at the interface between the EMC/Chip interface.
关键词： Semiconductor package,Moisture absorption,Adhesion strength,Plasma treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A flat-field soft X-ray spectrometer for X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement of warm dense matter
摘要： A flat-field soft X-ray spectrograph operating in the spectral range of 250–1240 eV was designed and built for warm dense matter and high-energy density plasma physics. It employs a grazing incidence toroidal mirror as a focusing optic, an aberration-corrected variable line spacing concave grating with 2400 lines/mm as a dispersive element, and a charge coupled device as an X-ray detector. The dispersion and energy resolution are calibrated with a high-power laser-produced plasma and X-ray free electron laser sources. A resolving power over 370 was achieved over the entire spectral range. A super broadband spectrum in the range of 250–1000 eV was measured from the laser-produced bismuth plasma. The signal-to-noise of 130 was obtained with an average of 10 pulses. These results demonstrate the capability of the spectrograph for single laser shot based experiments for warm dense matter and high energy density plasma research.
关键词： soft x-ray spectrometer,laser plasma,warm dense matter,x-ray spectroscopy,high power laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Cross-linked lignin coatings produced by UV light and SF6 plasma treatments
摘要： Lignin is one of the most abundant macromolecules in vascular plants and has been studied for many years due to its high availability and low cost, regarding that lignin is the main by-product of the paper pulping process, and also typically burned as fuel. Despite that, lignin has only a few industrial applications. In this study, we found a simple method for preparing well-defined lignin surfaces. Lignin was extracted from sugar cane bagasse by Soda pulping and its coatings were prepared using solutions with different solvents on various substrates (silicon wafers, paper, steel and glass) by spin-coating. Two methods were tested in order to promote cross-linking on the surface of lignin coatings: SF6 plasma treatment and ultra-violet radiation. Both treatments reduced the amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface leading to more stable, cross-linked coatings as observed by FTIR and thermal analysis. Ultra-violet light radiation turned lignin coatings hydrophilic while stable super-hydrophobic lignin coatings were obtained using SF6 plasma.
关键词： Cross-linking,Surface modification,Coatings,Plasma,Superhydrophobicity,Lignin
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Microwave plasma torch synthesis of Zn Al oxides as adsorbent and photocatalyst for organic compounds removal
摘要： Zn-Al based oxides were synthesized using a microwave plasma torch (MPT) in which the precursors were introduced into the reaction chamber either upstream or downstream of the inlet, respectively. Zn\Al layered doubled oxide (LDO) samples with a layer-by-layer structure obtained from the downstream path exhibited high adsorption capacity for anionic species, i.e., acid red 27 (AR27) and methyl orange (MO) dyes through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The adsorption behavior follows a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting that chemisorption of adsorbate on the adsorbent surface plays a significant role. Zn\Al oxide (ZAO) powders prepared from the upstream path show high crystallinity, enabling them to photocatalytically degrade methyl blue (MB) dye solution under UV and visible light irradiation. The crystallization mechanisms for ZAO and LDO prepared by the MPT method were also proposed in this study. In summary, the MPT process is a facile, rapid, scalable, and cost-effective method for synthesizing of Zn\Al based materials for many practical applications.
关键词： Photocatalyst,Zn-Al oxide,Adsorbent,Microwave Plasma Torch Synthesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Influence of porosity and pore size on sputtering of nanoporous structures by low-energy Ar ions: Molecular dynamics study
摘要： In this paper we have carried out molecular dynamics simulation of the low-energy Ar ion irradiation of nanoporous homogeneous material with different porosity and pore sizes. Our results demonstrate that in a model with small pores (Rpore = 0.8 nm) and relatively low (22%) porosity, the pores at near-surface layers collapsed due to the ion bombardment, whereas in a model with larger pores (Rpore = 2.8 nm) and higher (44%) porosity no significant structural changes occurred under the same irradiation conditions. To study thermal stability of porous structures and to reveal the effects of both the pore radius and the porosity on pore collapsing, our nanoporous structures were subjected to gradual heating. The simulation results demonstrate distinct mechanisms of structural changes in the nanoporous materials depending on the value of the excess surface energy per unit volume.
关键词： low-k dielectrics,plasma treatment,nanoporous material,pore collapse,sputtering
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Numerical simulation on terahertz wave propagation in plasma channels
摘要： Terahertz (THz) wave generated by femtosecond laser ?lamentation can spatially constrained inside the plasma channels. Our simulation results show that this constraint to THz wave will gradually weaken with the increasing THz frequency. At the same time, results also indicate that the higher plasma density possesses the stronger constraint. In addition, the model ?eld radius and width of THz wave will become larger with the increasing plasma channel radius. Based on the simulation results we ?nd the changes of refractive index at THz wave play an important role on THz wave propagation in plasma channels.
关键词： Plasma channel,Waveguiding,Terahertz wave propagation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Development of HPLC Method for Determination of Sitagliptin in Human Plasma using Fluorescence Detector by Experimental Design Approach
摘要： This study describes a rapid and sensitive HPLC method using fluorescence detection, which enables the determination of Sitagliptin mono phosphate (SIT) and Itopride Hydrochloride (ITP) as internal standard with good accuracy and precision to allow its detection in human plasma. SIT and ITP were extracted by liquid liquid extraction (LLE) using ethyl acetate. All the factors were studied to optimize the chromatographic conditions using full factorial design and central composite design for screening and optimization design respectively. Chromatographic separation was achieved using C18 column (250 mm, 4.6 mm,5 μm), and mobile phase composed of 0.01M phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile in a ratio 73:27 pumped at flow rate 1 mL/min and detected at 267 nm and 310 nm for excitation and emission. The method was validated over a concentration range 0.1-3 μg/mL for SIT using FDA guidelines. The intraday and inter-day precision did not exceed 5 % from the nominal concentration and accuracy was within 90-105 % at all quality control levels. The validated method was applied successfully to human plasma samples.
关键词： human plasma,HPLC- fluorescence,Sitagliptin mono phosphate,design space
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Utility of surface plasmon resonance response of silver nanoparticles for assay of Teicoplanin in human plasma using spectrofluorimetric technique
摘要： Teicoplanin (TEIC) is a glycopeptide antimicrobial medication for management of several bacterial infectious diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Novel, very simple, fast and cost-effective two spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the ultra-trace determination of TEIC in pharmaceutical vials and human plasma. The investigated methods based on measuring the fluorescence of TEIC in methanol (method A) and enhancing its fluorescence by 10 folds using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) without any solvent extraction (method B). The fluorescence of TEIC was investigated at 385nm (excitation at 335 nm) with calibration ranged from 1 to 25 ng mL?1 and from 0.6 to 30 ng mL?1 with Limit of detection (LOD) of 280 and 160 pg mL?1 for method A and B respectively. The established methods were optimized, validated and bio-analytically validated via ICH and US-FDA guidelines. The performed methods were used to determine TEIC in human plasma with high percentage recovery of 98.8 ± 1.75. Further, the proposed methods were applied to study the stability of TEIC after exposure to various degradation stress conditions and kinetic degradations.
关键词： Spectrofluorimetry,Teicoplanin,Silver nanoparticles,Metal-enhanced fluorescence,Human plasma analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The stability and degradation of PECVD fluoropolymer nanofilms
摘要： Fluoropolymer films are frequently used in microfabrication and for producing hydrophobic and low-k dielectric layers in various applications. As the reliability of functional coatings is becoming a more pressing issue in industry, it is necessary to determine the physical stability and degradation properties of this important class of films. To this end, a study has been undertaken to ascertain the aging characteristics of fluoropolymer films under various environmental conditions that such a film may experience during its use. In particular, fluorocarbon films formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) using octafluorocyclobutane, or c-C4F8, as a precursor gas have been exposed to abrasive wear, elevated temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, as well as oxygen plasma and SF6 plasma, the latter being commonly used in conjunction with these films in ion etching processes. The results show that sub-micron thick fluoropolymer films exhibit a significant amount of elastic recovery during nanoscratch tests, minimising the impact of wear. The films exhibit stability when exposed to 365 nm UV light in air, but not 254 nm light in air, which generated significant decreases in thickness. Exposure to temperatures up to 175 °C did not generate loss of material, whereas temperatures higher than 175 °C did. Etching rates upon exposure to oxygen and SF6 plasmas were also measured.
关键词： Octafluorocyclobutane,Plasma deposition,Atomic force microscopy,Wear,Ellipsometry
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photosensitized TiO2 films on polymers – Titania-polymer interactions and visible light induced photoactivity
摘要： Photocatalytic coatings at polymers, showing a visible light induced photoactivity, can be synthesized using a low temperature oxygen plasma treatment of the polymer (PP) followed by deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles and their sensitization with organic ligands. The whole process consists of three major steps: surface activation involving its partial oxidation, immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles and photosensitization of titania film by impregnation with the solution of organic ligands forming surface Ti(IV) charge transfer complexes. XPS and IR analysis revealed the formation of oxygen-containing groups at the polymer surface upon plasma treatment. These groups participate in the formation of Ti-O-C bonds which ensure a very good adhesion of titania films to polymeric surface. The dip-coating process using an aqueous colloidal solution of TiO2 nanoparticles allows to synthesize a compact coating with a thickness of 100-300 nm. Coordination of catechol-like ligands to surface Ti(IV) centers results in formation of colored charge transfer complexes responsible for absorption of visible light and an effective photoinduced charge separation. Photogenerated electrons and holes can take part in surface redox reactions responsible for degradation of pollutants. Tests with various organic ligands (catechol, 2,3-naphthalenediol, pyrogallol and rutin) revealed, that the titanium dioxide coating modified with catechol was the most photoactive one when visible light irradiation was applied. Presented photocatalytic coatings can be effectively used as self-sterilizing surfaces activated by visible light.
关键词： photocatalysis,XPS analysis,TiO2 coatings,photosensitization,plasma treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52